Glime, J. M. 2021. Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Order Jungermanniales: Lophocoleineae, Part 1. Chapt. 1-5. In: Glime, 1-5-1 J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 4. Habitat and Role. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 11 April 2021 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 1-5 AQUATIC AND WET MARCHANTIOPHYTA ORDER JUNGERMANNIALES: LOPHOCOLEINEAE, PART 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Suborder Lophocoleineae ...................................................................................................................................................... 1-5-2 Blepharostomaceae ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-5-2 Blepharostoma trichophyllum ................................................................................................................................ 1-5-2 Herbertaceae .................................................................................................................................................................. 1-5-8 Herbertus sendtneri ................................................................................................................................................ 1-5-8 Lepidoziaceae ................................................................................................................................................................ 1-5-9 Bazzainia denudata ................................................................................................................................................ 1-5-9 Bazzania praerupta .............................................................................................................................................. 1-5-10 Bazzania tricrenata .............................................................................................................................................. 1-5-10 Bazzania trilobata ................................................................................................................................................ 1-5-12 Hygrolembidium boschianum............................................................................................................................... 1-5-16 Kurzia makinoana ................................................................................................................................................ 1-5-16 Kurzia pauciflora ................................................................................................................................................. 1-5-19 Kurzia trichoclados .............................................................................................................................................. 1-5-21 Lepidozia reptans ................................................................................................................................................. 1-5-22 Lepidozia trichodes .............................................................................................................................................. 1-5-24 Zoopsis argentea .................................................................................................................................................. 1-5-24 Lophocoleaceae ............................................................................................................................................................ 1-5-25 Chiloscyphus ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-5-25 Chiloscyphus pallescens ....................................................................................................................................... 1-5-25 Chiloscyphus pallescens var. fragilis ................................................................................................................... 1-5-28 Chiloscyphus polyanthos ...................................................................................................................................... 1-5-28 Chiloscyphus polyathos var. rivularis .................................................................................................................. 1-5-30 Hepatostolonophora paucistipula ........................................................................................................................ 1-5-31 Heteroscyphus argutus ......................................................................................................................................... 1-5-32 Heteroscyphus coalitus ........................................................................................................................................ 1-5-33 Heteroscyphus denticulatus .................................................................................................................................. 1-5-36 Heteroscyphys planiusculus ................................................................................................................................. 1-5-36 Heteroscyphus zollingri ....................................................................................................................................... 1-5-37 Lophocolea ........................................................................................................................................................... 1-5-37 Lophocolea bidentata ........................................................................................................................................... 1-5-37 Lophocolea heterophylla ...................................................................................................................................... 1-5-39 Lophocolea minor ................................................................................................................................................ 1-5-42 Lophocolea mollis ................................................................................................................................................ 1-5-45 Lophocolea semiteres ........................................................................................................................................... 1-5-45 Pachyglossa ......................................................................................................................................................... 1-5-48 Pachyglossa austrigena subsp. okaritana ............................................................................................................ 1-5-48 Pachyglossa dissitifolia ........................................................................................................................................ 1-5-48 Pachyglossa tenacifolia ....................................................................................................................................... 1-5-49 Mastigophoraceae ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-5-50 Mastigophora diclados ......................................................................................................................................... 1-5-50 Summary .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-5-51 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................................................... 1-5-51 Literature Cited .................................................................................................................................................................... 1-5-52 1-5-2 Chapter 1-5: Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Order Jungermanniales: Lophocoleineae, Part 1 CHAPTER 1-5 AQUATIC AND WET MARCHANTIOPHYTA, ORDER JUNGERMANNIALES: LOPHOCOLEINEAE, PART 1 Figure 1. Chiloscyphus polyanthos habitat. Photo by Michael Lüth, with permission. Suborder Lophocoleineae Blepharostomaceae Blepharostoma trichophyllum (Figure 2-Figure 3) Distribution Blepharostoma trichophyllum (Figure 2-Figure 3) has a widespread Holarctic distribution, but has also been reported from high tropical mountains in both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres (Gradstein et al. 1977). Figure 2. Blepharostoma trichophyllum individual plant showing finely divided leaves. Photo by Hermann Schachner, through Creative Commons. Chapter 1-5: Aquatic and Wet Marchantiophyta, Order Jungermanniales: Lophocoleineae, Part 1 1-5-3 Figure 5. Sphagnum in tundra, a habitat suitable for Blepharostoma trichophyllum. Photo from NPS, through public domain. Figure 3. Blepharostoma trichophyllum forming mats that are typical of its growth habit. Photo by Hermann Schachner, through Creative Commons. Aquatic and Wet Habitats Blepharostoma trichophyllum (Figure 2-Figure 3) has a broad range of habitats. Watson (1919) reported it from ground, rocks, and stumps associated with fast water. Mamczarz (1970) found it in the ground community associated with streams near Lacko, Western Carpathians. Similarly, Rastorfer et al. (1973) found it to be hydro-mesic at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Gradstein et al. (1977) reported Blepharostoma trichophyllum (Figure 3) from the boggy páramo (Figure 4), associated with species of Sphagnum