SERIOUS GAMES FOR HEALTH AND MEDICINE. A CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) CASE STUDY Voravika WATTANASOONTORN Dipòsit legal: Gi. 1775-2013 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128270 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. 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DOCTORAL THESIS Serious Games for Health and Medicine. A Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Case Study. Author: Voravika WATTANASOONTORN 2013 1 DOCTORAL T HESIS Serious Games for Health and Medicine. A Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Case Study. Author: Voravika WATTANASOONTORN 2013 Programa de Doctorat en Tecnologia Advisors: Prof.Dr. Mateu SBERT Dra. Imma BOADA Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a doctoral degree from the University of Girona 3 Acknowledgment First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my lovely advisor Prof.Dr. Mateu Sbert and co-advisor Dra. Imma Boada for the continuous support of my Ph.D study and research, for their patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowl- edge. Their guidance helped me all the time of research and writing of this thesis. I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for my Ph.D study. My sincere thanks also goes to Prince of Songkla University, particularly the faculty of technology and environment, for the grant and all supports they have provided to me. I would like to thank my fellow colleagues in Graphics & Imaging Laboratory (GIlab): Dr. Rubén Jesús García Hernández, Milán Magdics, Carles Blavi, Juan Manuel Garcia Gonzalez, Antonio Rodriguez Benitez, Dr. Dolors Juvinyá Canal and Dr. Josep Olivet Pujol for their kind cooperation in the LISSA project. As well as to my labmates: Xavier Bonaventura Brugues, Dr. Roger Bramon, Márius Vila, Ester Bonmatí, Olga Petrenko and Nicolau Sunyer for their help and shares. Many thanks also go to Dr. Miquel Feixas, Dr. Anton Bardera, Dr. Roel Martinez, Dr. Alessandro Artusi, Rosa Teixidor, Cristina Rubirola and Montse Bragulat for their kind advices during the time I studied in UdG; as well as to José Burrel, Sakib Jalil, Busquets and Centeno families, lovely Catalan people, for their friendships. My appreciation cannot be completed without mentioning endless effort put in place by my beloved husband, Kitt - Kittipong Srikimkaew. Last but not the least, I would like to thank my parents (Vorasak and Manavika) as well as Kitt0s parents (Prasit and Pornphan), for supporting us spiritually throughout our life. 5 Grant Support This work has been supported by the research projects TIN2010-21089-C03-01, IPT-2011-1516-370000 and IPT-2011-0885-430000 (Spanish Commission for Science and Technology), by grant 2009SGR643 (Catalan Government) and by mobility grant PSU064/1071 from the Prince of Songkla University, Thailand. 7 Related Publications The work of this thesis has lead to the following publications: V.Wattanasoontorn, R. García, I. Boada, M. Sbert, Serious games for e-healthcare, • The proceeding of Asian-European Workshop on Serious Game and Simulation, 25th Annual Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA 2012), Singapore, 9-11 May 2012 and Springer Book of Simulations, Serious Games and Their Applications, Series: Gaming Media and Social Effects, ch.10, October 31, 2013. V. Wattanasoontorn, I. Boada, M. Sbert, The framework of a LIfe Support Simula- • tion Application, The proceedings of 4th International Conference on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications (VS GAMES12), 29Oct to 1Nov, 2012. Genoa, Italy and the journal of Procedia Computer Science, Volume 15, 2012, Pages 293 - 294, ISSN 1877-0509 V. Wattanasoontorn, I. Boada, M. Sbert, LISSA: A Serious Game to learn Car- • diopulmonary Resuscitation, The proceedings of the 8th international conference on Foundations of Digital Games (FDG2013): Games for Learning workshop, 14 -17 May 2013, Chania, Crete, Greece. V. Wattanasoontorn, M. Magdics, I. Boada, M. Sbert, Visual realism in 3D serious • games for learning: A case study, The proceedings of 15th International Con- ference on Enterprise Information Systems: Workshop on Interaction Design in Educational Environments (ICEIS 2013), July 5, 2013, Angers, France. V. Wattanasoontorn, M. Magdics, M. Sbert, A Kinect-based System for Cardiopul- • monary Resuscitation Simulation: A pilot study, The proceedings of 4th Inter- national Conference on Serious Games Developments and Applications (SGDA 2013), 25 - 27 Sep, 2013, Trondheim, Norway and will be published in the Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) series LNCS 8101. V.Wattanasoontorn, R. García, I. Boada, M. Sbert, Serious games for health, Enter- • tainment Computing Journal, Elsevier, Ref. No.: ENTCOM-D-13-00008R1 [ac- cepted 23 Sep 2013]. V. Wattanasoontorn, I. Boada, M. Sbert, LISSA, a new e-learning environment to • learn CPR, which has been submitted to the Journal of Resuscitation, Elsevier, 2013 [submitted]. 9 Abbreviations and Notation µ Mean σ Standard deviation 2D Two dimensions 3D Three dimensions ABCs Airway, breathing and circulation AED Automated external defibrillator AHA The American heart association ASD Autism Spectrum Disorder AUD Alcohol use disorder Cog Cognitive skills CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR (30:2) Perform CPR 30 chest compressions, at a rate of 100 - 120 per minute and give 2 ventilations to the patient ERC European resuscitation council FA Focused on health acquisition and medical skills FE Focused on entertainment FH Focused on Health GUI Graphic user interface HMDs Head-mounted displays LISSA LIfe support simulation application LS Life support MCH Maternal-child health MMORPG Massively multiplayer online role playing game Mot Motor skills NPR Non-photorealistic O/S Over shoulder (Camera view) PCs Personal computers PN Practical nurses PR Photorealistic RPG Role play game VR Virtual Reality WHO World health organization List of Figures 1.1 Maslow pyramid................................... 8 2.1 The differences between games and serious games functionalities . 12 2.2 Core components of serious games ....................... 13 2.3 Dale cone of learning [41], which shows the degree or levels of learn- ing that occurs when learners engage to each learning style (reading, hearing, seeing, watching, participating and doing) . 16 2.4 Example of serious games for learning ..................... 17 2.5 Polygons used to model a hospital scene .................... 19 2.6 The hospital scene with textured polygons ................... 19 2.7 The hospital scene after lighting applied .................... 20 2.8 A same scene illuminated with different light sources . 20 2.9 A realistic rendering of the hospital scene ................... 21 2.10 The hospital scene rendered using different not-photorealistic styles . 21 2.11 Type of realism in games, with regard to [69] and [129] . 22 2.12 Club head speed function of three different golf games . 22 2.13 Screen-shots of three soccer games which have different level of realism, increasing