Qualitative Research Evaluation of "Kilna Bil Hayy" TV Program Search for Common Ground Market - Lebanon Date - February 2010 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.2. LEBANON BACKGROUND AND FACTS 1.3. OBJECTIVES & METHODOLOGY 2. MAIN FINDINGS – CHILDREN 2.1. OVERALL PERCEPTION OF LEBANESE SOCIETY 2.2. PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE "OTHER" COMMUNITIES 2.3. EVALUATION AND IMPACT OF "KILNA BIL HAYY" TV SERIES ON CHILDREN’S KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES 3. MAIN FINDINGS – PARENTS AND TEACHERS 3.1. OVERALL PERCEPTION OF LEBANESE SOCIETY 3.2. PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE "OTHER" COMMUNITIES 3.3. EVALUATION AND IMPACT OF "KILNA BIL HAYY" TV SERIES ON PARENTS’ AND TEACHERS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES 4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5. APPENDICES 2 1. INTRODUCTION Search for Common Ground (SFCG) works with local partners in many countries to find culturally appropriate means of strengthening those societies' capacity to constructively deal with conflicts. SFCG is currently working on conflict prevention, resolution and transformation in Lebanon. Towards this end, SFCG has developed and aired a TV drama called “All of us in the Neighborhood” (Kilna Bil Hayy) that targets children (aged 7-15 years old) and their parents. The TV drama consisting of 13 episodes was aired in spring 2009 on the LBCI TV channel. Pan Arab Research Center (PARC) was commissioned to carry out a comprehensive research program comprising of both Qualitative and Quantitative modules to gain insights and measure the short-term impact of this program on the target audience. The study was carried out after 3-4 months of having aired the TV drama. PARC has simultaneously carried out a study with non-viewers of the program in order to compare their knowledge, attitudes and behavior towards life in Lebanon with those of the viewers of the TV drama. 3 1.1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The viewers of „Kilna Bil Hayy‟ recognize the unique characteristics of this program since it addresses a critical social issue in Lebanon, in a rather pleasant and agreeable way since it involves a story of children from different sects and ethnic groups trying to cohabit and bond together. It is appreciated for being a pure Lebanese series and not an imported foreign one. Hence, it does not inject alien values to the Lebanese society, but it rather depicts and reinforces the best of traditional Lebanese social and cultural values and beliefs, while attempting to instill new ones that contribute to the improvement of society. The main messages discerned in the program relate to social and cultural values that are perceived to be crucial to building a strong society. The most prominent values that the show is believed to promote are those of patriotism, unity, solidarity, love, acceptance, and forgiveness towards the different social groups, sects and ethnic groups in Lebanese society. This shows them how to accept and to be open to others in society. The series is particularly seen to be addressing children, and teaching them lessons about living life peacefully with other communities, without any discrimination, disputes or hatred. At times, one has to avoid trouble and at other times one should try to find a solution, or refer to an adult to solve the problem. The program stresses the true meaning of friendships again regardless of sects and ethnic groups; sharing, trusting, defending, supporting, not setting any conditions, commitment, loyalty, sacrifice, etc. 4 Children also believe the program emphasizes ways to resolve conflicts, if they occur. They learnt this can happen through dialogue, through listening to what others have to say, and make judgments accordingly. Other values are also perceived to be taught, such as having high ethics, listening to, respecting and obeying their parents, acknowledging and taking responsibility of one‟s mistakes, not drawing any generalizations, honesty, etc. Although the series is believed to depict fairly well some aspects of the Lebanese society, yet it is in general seen to portray a too positive image of the Lebanese society. Hence, it is perceived to be rather far from reality, where differences and conflicts between sects and ethnic groups are much more prominent and frequent, and not always ending up in peace and harmony. Some respondents consider the show to be too focused towards Palestinians and Armenians as many of the episodes revolve around their stories. In addition, the show is believed to be prejudiced against these two sects and ethnic groups as they show that they are negatively regarded in society. Less emphasis on Palestinians and Armenians, and equal emphasis on each of the different groups are considered to offer a more credible/real and less discriminative character to the program. As for the execution of the series, respondents had both positive and negative comments to be taken into consideration: Positive comments: Characters: Friendly, amiable, having good manners. Communicating peacefully and living in harmony together. 5 Setting: The streets, buildings, areas and regions reflect the real image of Lebanon. Hence, this is believed to contribute to making the program credible. Negative comments: Characters: Some of the characters are depicted in a different way than in reality. E.g. the dress code of the Muslim girl wearing shorts, and skirts. This is not believed to be the case in reality, even with children and teenagers. Actors: Respondents rather consider the children as well as the parents not to be competent in their acting skills. Hence, they are not too convincing. Conflict resolution: In reality, dealing with conflicts does not always end up in a peaceful way. Hence, this is rather far from reality. The series is seen to lack excitement and thrill for having a rather repetitive storyline in almost all its episodes. This is believed to affect the motivation and enthusiasm of people to watch all/most of its episodes. The series was aired through a rather short period of time. According to respondents, more episodes stretched over a longer period of time could have helped better reach the objectives of the series. As for the channel (LBCI), the majority of respondents consider it to be suitable for airing this program. It is seen to be a well appreciated channel, being watched by the majority of people. However, some adult respondents consider the program should not be restricted to only one channel. They believe that not all sects and ethnic groups in society watch LBCI. 6 Change in Knowledge and Attitude Children believe the series has taught them many of these lessons and values. Many of them mention being more tolerant with friends and comrades at school, trying to stay away from trouble, especially when related to religion and/or politics. However, both children and adults (parents and teachers) believe that a change in behavior will not take place due to a program on television. The biggest role is perceived to be that of the education inside their homes and at school. Hence, the program should be part of a larger campaign addressing all categories and ages in society. 1.2. LEBANON BACKGROUND AND FACTS Source: www.worldfacts.us LEBANON MAP 7 HISTORY AND CONTEXT Following the capture of Syria from the Ottoman Empire by Anglo-French forces in 1918, France received a mandate over this territory and separated out the region of Lebanon in 1920. France granted this area independence in 1943. A lengthy civil war (1975-1990) devastated the country, but Lebanon has since made progress toward rebuilding its political institutions. Under the Ta'if Accord of 1989, considered as a blueprint for national reconciliation, the Lebanese established a more equitable political system, particularly by giving Muslims a greater voice in the political process albeit by institutionalizing sectarian and ethnic divisions within the government. Since the end of the war, Lebanon has conducted several successful elections. Most militias have been disbanded, and the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) have extended their authority over about two-thirds of the country. Hezbollah, a Shiite organization listed by the US State Department, Australia, Canada and the Netherlands as a Foreign Terrorist Organization, retains its weapons. Under the Ta‟if Accord, the Arab League legitimized Syria's troop deployment in Lebanon. Syrians numbered about 16,000 based mainly east of Beirut and in the Bekaa Valley. Israel's withdrawal from southern Lebanon in May 2000 and the passage in October 2004 of UNSCR 1559 - a resolution calling for Syria to withdraw from Lebanon and end its interference in Lebanese affairs - encouraged some Lebanese groups to demand that Syria withdraw its forces as well. The assassination of former Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri and 20 others in February 2005 led to massive demonstrations in Beirut against the Syrian presence, and Syria withdrew the remainder of its military forces in April 2005. In May/June 2005, Lebanon held the first legislative elections since the end of the civil war that were free of foreign interference, handing a majority to the bloc led by Saad Hariri, the slain prime minister's son. Lebanon continues to be subject to violence - Hezbollah kidnapped two Israeli soldiers in July 2006 leading to a 34-day conflict with Israel. From May-September 2007, the Lebanese Armed Forces battled the Sunni extremist group Fatah al-Islam in the Nahr al-Barid Palestinian refugee camp. The country has also witnessed a lengthy list of politically motivated assassinations since the death of Rafiq Hariri.