Development Co-operation Review CANADA Development Assistance Committee ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Canada ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed: - To achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy. - To contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries in the process of economic development. - To contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The original Member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The following countries became Members subsequently through accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28th April 1964), Finland (28th January 1969), Australia (7th June 1971), New Zealand (29th May 1973), Mexico (18th May 1994), the Czech Republic (21st December 1995), Hungary (7th May 1996), Poland (22nd November 1996), Korea (12th December 1996) and the Slovak Republic (14th December 2000). The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD (Article 13 of the OECD Convention). In order to achieve its aims the OECD has set up a number of specialised committees. One of these is the Development Assistance Committee, whose Members have agreed to secure an expansion of aggregate volume of resources made available to developing countries and to improve their effectiveness. To this end, Members periodically review together both the amount and the nature of their contributions to aid programmes, bilateral and multilateral, and consult each other on all other relevant aspects of their development assistance policies. The Members of the Development Assistance Committee are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Commission of the European Communities. OECD 2002 Permission to reproduce a portion of this work for non-commercial purposes or classroom use should be obtained through the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France, Tel. (33-1) 44 07 47 70, Fax (33-1) 46 34 67 19, for every country except the United States. In the United States permission should be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, (508) 750-8400, 22 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA, or CCC Online: http://www.copyright.com/. All other applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this book should be made to OECD Publications, 2, rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. © OECD 2003 2 Canada FOREWORD The Development Assistance Committee (DAC) conducts periodic reviews to improve the individual and collective development co-operation efforts of DAC members. The policies and efforts of individual members are critically examined approximately once every four years. Five or six programmes are examined annually. The OECD’s Development Co-operation Directorate (DCD) provides analytical support and is responsible for developing and maintaining the conceptual framework within which the Peer Reviews are undertaken. The Peer Review is prepared by a team, consisting of representatives of the Secretariat working with officials from two DAC members who are designated as examiners. The country under review provides a memorandum setting out the main developments in its policies and programmes. Then the Secretariat and the examiners visit the capital to interview officials, parliamentarians, as well as civil society and NGO representatives of the donor country to obtain a first-hand insight into current issues surrounding the development co-operation efforts of the member concerned. Field visits assess how members are implementing the major DAC policies, principles and concerns, and review operations in recipient countries, particularly with regard to poverty reduction, sustainability, gender equality and other aspects of participatory development, and local aid co-ordination. The Secretariat then prepares a draft report on the member’s development co-operation which is the basis for the DAC review meeting at the OECD. At this meeting senior officials from the member under review respond to questions posed by DAC members led by the examiners. These questions are formulated by the Secretariat in association with the examiners. The main discussion points and operational policy recommendations emerging from the review meeting are set out in the Main Findings and Recommendations section of the publication. This publication contains the Main Findings and Recommendations as agreed by the Development Assistance Committee following its review on 15 November 2002 at the OECD, and the report prepared by the Secretariat in association with the examiners, representing Italy and the Netherlands, on the development co-operation policies and efforts of Canada. The report is published on the authority of the Secretary-General of the OECD. Jean-Claude Faure DAC Chairman 3 © OECD 2003 Canada ACRONYMS ACCC Association of Canadian Community Colleges BSS Basic social services CDPF Country development programming framework CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research DAC Development Assistance Committee DFAIT Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade GNI Gross national income HIPCs Heavily-Indebted Poor Countries IAE International Assistance Envelope ICC International Criminal Court IDRC International Development Research Centre IFIs International financial institutions INC Industrial Co-operation Programme LDCs Least developed countries LIC Low-income country MDG Millennium Development Goals NEPAD New Partnership for Africa's Development NGO Non-governmental organisation OA Official aid OAG Office of the Auditor General ODA Official development assistance PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PSU Programme Support Unit RBM Results-Based Management TRIPS Trade-related intellectual property rights UN United Nations ____________________ © OECD 2003 4 Canada Signs used: CAD Canadian dollar USD United States dollars ( ) Secretariat estimate in whole or part - Nil 0.0 Negligible .. Not available … Not available separately but included in total n.a. Not applicable Slight discrepancies in totals are due to rounding. ________________ Exchange rates (CAD per USD) 1998 1999 2000 2001 1.483 1.486 1.485 1.548 5 © OECD 2003 Canada Canada's aid at a glance CANADA Gross Bilateral ODA, 1999-2000 average, unless otherwise shown Change By Income Group (USD m) Clockwise from top Net ODA 2000 2001 2000/2001 187 LDCs Current (USD m) 1 744 1 533 -12.1% Constant (2000 USD m) 1 744 1 580 -9.4% Other Low-Income In Canadian Dollars (million) 2 589 2 373 -8.3% 194 Lower Middle- ODA/GNI 0.25% 0.22% Income Bilateral share 67% 78% Upper Middle- Net Official Aid (OA) 631 Income High-Income Current (USD m) 165 152 -7.8% Unallocated 158 Top Ten Recipients of Gross 0 21 ODA/OA (USD million) By Region (USD m) 1 Poland (OA) 124 Sub-Saharan 2 Bangladesh 34 Africa 202 3 China 30 South and Central Asia 4 Indonesia 26 Other Asia and 5 Haiti 23 Oceania 6 India 19 90 Middle East and 582 North Africa 7 States Ex-Yugoslavia Unsp. 18 Latin America and 8 Ukraine (OA) 17 107 Caribbean 9 Mali 16 Europe 10 Honduras 15 34 Unspecified By Sector 50 125 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Education, Health & Population Other Social Infrastructure Economic Infrastucture Production Multisector Programme Assistance Debt Relief Emergency Aid Unspecified Source: OECD Note: USD 124 million to Poland is mostly debt relief. © OECD 2003 6 Canada TABLE OF CONTENTS DAC'S MAIN FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................11 CHAPTER 1 NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND OVERALL FRAMEWORK......................19 New developments...................................................................................................................19 Principles in development co-operation...................................................................................20 Major features of Canadian aid................................................................................................21 Accountability and Reporting ..................................................................................................22 Public opinion and information................................................................................................22 Future considerations ...............................................................................................................23 CHAPTER 2 AID VOLUME, CHANNELS AND DISTRIBUTIONS................................25 Official development assistance volume..................................................................................25 Canada’s economic situation....................................................................................................25