Fall 2020 PHILOSOPHY 201: Logic and Critical Thinking Instructor: Dr. Ryan MacPherson Schedule: Section A: (see Syllabus Supplement for M/W/F, 2:30–3:20 p.m. complete contact information) Honsey Hall 212 NEW ROOM NUMBER Websites: moodle.blc.edu / my.blc.edu / www.ryancmacpherson.com “... a very faulty syllogism in which there are four terms, no universal premise, no essential predication, no distributed middle, and many other faults, for logicians known full well that ‘an accidental term cannot be subsumed under a substantial term.’” Martin Luther, Confession concerning Christ’s Supper (1528), in Luther’s Works, 37:195. Catalog Description: This course focuses on the construction and evaluation of logical arguments, with applications to civic awareness and involvement. Attention is devoted to formal logical analysis, including syllogisms and basic symbolic logic, as well as effective written communication. Relation to Students’ Curricular Needs: ▪ fulfills General Education Core Requirement Objective #3a: Personal Responsibility and Goal 3C ▪ required for the Minor in Philosophy ▪ elective for the B.A. in Computer Science (either PHIL201 or else MATH152 Calculus II) ▪ elective for the B.A. in Legal Studies (either PHIL201 or else COMM230 Argument and Advocacy) ▪ elective for the B.A. in Liberal Arts (Philosophy Concentration) ▪ elective for the Minor in Legal Studies ▪ elective for the Minor in Psychology ▪ elective for the Paralegal Certificate Required Texts: ▪ Kreeft, Peter. Socratic Logic. 3.1 ed. South Bend, Ind.: St. Augustine’s Press, 2014. ISBN-10: 9781587318085. ISBN-13: 978-1587318085. $40.00. ▪ Minetor, Randi. Robert’s Rules of Order in Action: How to Participate in Meetings with Confidence. Berkeley: Zephyros Press, 2015. ISBN-10: 1623156211. ISBN-13: 978-1623156213. $12.99. ▪ Wilson, Douglas, and N.D. Wilson. The Amazing Dr. Ransom’s Bestiary of Adorable Fallacies: A Field Guide for Clear Thinkers. Moscow, Ida.: Canon Press, 2015. ISBN-10: 1-591281873. ISBN-13: 978-1591281870. $20.00. ▪ Instructional Packet for PHIL 201 (available on moodle.blc.edu) Objectives of the College (OCs) Pertinent to This Course: 1. Recognize that the historic Christian faith professes that God the Holy Trinity is the source of all knowledge and truth, and that His wisdom is most clearly revealed in the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. especially: … D. Reflect on how your course of study is shaping you for a life of Christian vocation in the family, church, and society. 2. Demonstrate intellectual, creative, and problem-solving skills. A. Identify and correctly frame problems using appropriate content, theories, and methods. B. Work both collaboratively and independently to produce innovative applications of knowledge, creative expressions, or new insights connected to bodies of knowledge from various fields. C. Gather relevant information on an issue to formulate a defensible conclusion, new idea, or rev. 08/20/20 PHILOSOPHY 201: Logic and Critical Thinking Page 2 of 9 Bethany Lutheran College, Fall 2020 Ryan C. MacPherson, Ph.D. connections among ideas. D. Analyze quantitative and qualitative data using logical reasoning skills. E. Articulate a message effectively in oral and written forms. 3. Demonstrate an understanding of personal and public responsibility. especially: … B. Reflect upon your involvement as an engaged citizen in different communities and cultures. C. Articulate how personal choices and stances impact you and others. 4. Develop habits of thinking that apply to a fulfilling life of learning. Especially: A. Apply content knowledge and skills flexibly to new situations, including professional and vocational contexts. Understanding Your Vocation (OC 4A) Your “vocation” is how your station in life serves as a channel of God’s blessings to the people around you. Each person has multiple, overlapping stations in life (child, sibling, spouse, parent, student, neighbor, employee, registered voter, etc.). As indicated in OC 4A, Bethany Lutheran College seeks to expand your vocational opportunities so that you might better serve others to the glory of God. Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs): Students will demonstrate an ability to: 1. Define terms clearly, and detect and correct ambiguity and other deficiencies in definitions they encounter. 2. Recognize whether a proposition is true, false, or currently undecidable by appealing to faith, intuition, experience, and/or reason. 3. Evaluate the logical form of arguments to determine their validity, and similarly construct valid arguments of one’s own. 4. Construct valid syllogisms and demonstrate their validity by appealing to Aristotle’s 6 Rules, Euler diagrams, and Venn diagrams. 5. Distinguish between inductive and deductive forms of reasoning, and identify the strengths and weaknesses of each of these two approaches to argumentation. 6. Recognize and correct approximately 50 kinds of fallacies, both formal and material. 7. Lead a meeting according to Roberts’s Rules of Order (as chairperson) and keep clear and accurate records of the same (as secretary). Assessment: Class Participation 10 93.34 –100.00 A Quizzes 10 90.00 – 93.33 A– 20 20 86.67 – 89.99 B+ 83.34 – 86.66 B Fallacy Presentation #1 6 80.00 – 83.33 B– Fallacy Presentation #2 6 76.67 – 79.99 C+ 12 12 73.34 – 76.66 C 70.00 – 73.33 C– Meeting Chairperson #1 4 66.67 – 69.99 D+ 63.34 – 63.66 D Meeting Chairperson #2 4 60.00 – 63.33 D– Meeting Secretary #1 5 00.00 – 59.99 F Meeting Secretary #2 5 18 18 Exams I–V (@10 ea.) 50 50 50 Total 100 rev. 08/20/20 PHILOSOPHY 201: Logic and Critical Thinking Page 3 of 9 Bethany Lutheran College, Fall 2020 Ryan C. MacPherson, Ph.D. Fallacy Reports (OC 6): Each student will present two Fallacy Reports, following a rubric that guides the student in defining a fallacy, contrasting it to other fallacies, distinguishing it from proper reasoning, and so forth. The student also will select three study questions from the assigned reading concerning that fallacy and lead a class discussion aiming to discover the correct answers to those questions. Students will be evaluated according to a rubric (see course packet). Chairperson and Secretary under Roberts’s Rules of Order (OC 7): Every class session will be run according to Roberts’s Rules of Order in order that students may master the art of logically coordinating a group discussion. Each student will serve twice as chairperson and twice as secretary throughout the semester. For the first few sessions, the instructor will model how this is to be done. The instructor also will supply an agenda for each session. Each student’s performance as chairperson and secretary will be evaluated according to a rubric (see course packet). Quizzes and Exams (assessment of CLOs 1–7): The course is divided into five parts. During each part, study questions, class discussion exercises, and quizzes serve as formative assessment tools, providing frequent feedback to students during the learning process. At the conclusion of each part, a written exam provides summative assessment. The exams may consist of multiple-choice, true/false, matching, short-answer questions, and essay questions. Each summative assessment will focus primarily on the part of the course that was just completed, but some questions may require students to recall historical developments discussed during previous parts of the course. Assessment V will in this respect be more comprehensive than the preceding assessments, plus it also will include a set of questions specifically designed to provide a comprehensive review of the semester’s material, including a review geography quiz, as noted below. Students should prepare for the exams daily by: ▪ completing the assigned readings and study questions/worksheets on time ▪ paying attention to lectures ▪ participating in class discussions ▪ taking notes from both the lectures and the class discussions ▪ reviewing their notes periodically Syllabus Supplement This syllabus contains information unique to this class. In addition, a syllabus supplement (available at moodle.blc.edu) contains information that is common to all classes taught by Dr. MacPherson. Students are required to read both the class-specific syllabus and the common syllabus supplement in order to understand all of the procedures and expectations of the course in which they are enrolled. The syllabus supplement includes topics such as the following: • Contact Info • Cell Phones, Tablets, Laptops, etc. • Online Resources • A Note about Masks in the Classroom • Bethany Gmail Account • Students with Disabilities • HyFlex vs. Online Only • Development of Writing Skills • Attendance and Class Participation • Plagiarism Policy • Importance of Turning in Assignments on • Writing Center Time • History Resource Room • Importance of Taking Exams as Scheduled • Recording and Privacy rev. 08/20/20 PHILOSOPHY 201: Logic and Critical Thinking Page 4 of 9 Bethany Lutheran College, Fall 2020 Ryan C. MacPherson, Ph.D. SCHEDULE OF ASSIGNMENTS (see the last page for calendar dates) The instructor reserves the right to modify this schedule during the course of the semester should unusual circumstances arise. Generally, students can be confident that this schedule will be followed closely. INTRODUCTION (3 lessons) 1. Readings: None Discussion: What is truth? Can animals think? Can computers think? What is the role of logic in a liberal arts education? What about in the “real world”? Scheduling: Each student will be assigned for two specific Fallacy Reports and to serve twice each as Chairperson and as Secretary throughout the semester. Handouts: Syllabus, Course Packet 2. Readings: Socratic Logic, Introduction, sec. 1, pp. 1–9 (introduction to logic); Bestiary, xi–xvi (introduction to fallacies); Socratic Logic, pp. 68–71 (overview of fallacies); Robert’s Rules, chap. 1 (structure) Reminder: Complete the “Lesson 2” section of “Study Questions for Introduction.” Report 2A: Bestiary, #1 (Ad Hominem), #2 (Tu Quoque); Socratic Logic, III.2A (Ad Hominem) Note: All students are expected to skim read every section assigned for a Fallacy Report. Each student will be assigned to present two reports, and therefore must carefully read those sections in preparation to teach the rest of the class.