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Universi^ MicTOTlms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8403558 PACE, DONALD GENE COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP ON THE MORMON FRONTIER: MORMON BISHOPS AND THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF UTAH BEFORE STATEHOOD The Ohio State University PH.D. 1983 University Microfilms I nternâtio300 n.nâl zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48105 Copyright -.983 by PACE, DONALD GENE All Rights Reserved PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a__ check mark 1. Glossy photographs or pages. 2. Colored illustrations, paper or _____print 3. Photographs with dark background_____ 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy. 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sid es of pag e. 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost_______ in spine 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print. 11. P ag e(s)____________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. P ag e(s)____________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages num bered____________ . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages______ 15. O ther_________________________________________________ __ University Microfilms international COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP ON THE MORMON FRONTIER: MORMON BISHOPS AND THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF UTAH BEFORE STATEHOOD DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Donald Gene Pace, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1983 Reading Committee: Approved By Mansel G. Blackford John C. Burnham Eugene J. Watts Advisor / Department of History ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very grateful to those who have assisted me in the various phases of the preparation of this dissertation. Most of all, I express sincere appreciation to Professor Mansel G. Blackford, my doctoral advisor. His professional competence and insightful suggestions have aided me in each stage of this study. His promptness in working with me on revisions, and his frank, yet courteous, criticisms have been most helpful. I am grateful for the help of Professor Eugene J. Watts, particularly in the area of quantitative historical analysis. His guidance in this field has allowed me to analyze large amounts of data, a task which would have been virtually impossible without the use of a computer. I express appreciation also to Professor John C. Burnham, for his assitance in enriching my general background in American history, for serving on my preliminary examination committee, and for his suggestions concerning this dissertation. I express appreciation also to my wife, Deone Budge Pace, for her uncomplaining support and for her assistance with the seemingly endless details associated with preparing data for computer analysis. I also wish to thank my friend, and relative, Seth Budge for ii his generous assistance in the preparation of computer data. To Edd Hubbard, I express appreciation for making available to me a microcomputer for much of the writing of the dissertation. I am grateful for the funding provided by The Ohio State University's Alumni Association and also by The Ohio State University's Instruction and Research Computer Center. The bulk of my research took place in Salt Lake City, Utah. I am particularly indebted to the the helpful staff of the Library-Archives of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, for allowing me to use their extensive collection of documents relating to Mormon history. I also appreciate the courtesy of the staffs of the Genealogical Library of the LDS Church, the Utah Historical Society, the Utah State Archives, each located in the Salt Lake City area, and the Harold B. Lee Library, at Brigham Young University, in Provo, Utah. Ill VITA September 25, 1952 . Born in Salt Lake City, Utah 1976 ................... B.A., Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 1977-1978 ............... Research Assistant, Department of History, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 1978 ................... M.A., Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 1978-1981 ............... Teaching Associate, Department of History, The Ohio State University 1981-1983 ............... High School Teacher, Pima, Arizona 1982-1983 ............... Computer Instructor, Eastern Arizona College, Thatcher, Arizona PUBLICATIONS "Changing Patterns of Mormon Financial Administration: Traveling Bishops, Regional Bishops and Bishop's Agents, 1851-1888." Brigham Young University Studies, forthcoming. "Elijah F. Sheets: The Half-Century Bishop." Supporting Saints: Biographical Essays on Nineteenth Century Mormons. Whittaker, David J . , and Cannon, Donald Q., eds. Brigham Young University Religious Studies Center Monograph Series, forthcoming. "Wives of Nineteenth-Century Mormon Bishops: A Quantitative Analysis." Journal of the West 21 (April 1982) :49-57 IV FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field; United States History Professors Mansel G. Blackford, John C. Burnham, Robert H. Bremner, Harry Coles, Richard J. Hopkins. Minor Field: Latin American History Professor Donald Cooper Studies in Quantitative Methods for Historians Professor Eugene J. Watts TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................ii VITA ...................................................... iv LIST OF T A B L E S ............................................ix INTRODUCTION ........................................... 1 Chapter 1. AN OVERVIEW OF PRE-UTAH MORMON HISTORY............. 8 Frontier Mobility................................. 11 Patterns of Community Building ............... 17 Church Government................................. 28 Co n c l u s i o n....................................... 35 2. THE MORMON CHURCH IN THE TRANS-MISSISSIPPI WEST. 45 Mormons in the Great B a s i n ...................... 46 The Salt Lake City W a r d s ........................ 49 Minersville....................................... 54 R i c h m o n d ......................................... 57 LDS Organizational Development ............... 60 A. Traveling Bishops: 1851-1877............. 62 B. Regional Presiding Bishops: 1851-1877 . 63 C . Bishop's Agents: 1877-1888............... 65 C o n c l u s i o n....................................... 68 3. A QUANTITATIVE OVERVIEW OF THE MORMON BISHOPS. 80 Birthplace....................................... 81 W e a l t h ............................................84 O c c u p a t i o n....................................... 91 Age................... ......................... 9 3 Length of Service................................. 96 C o n c l u s i o n....................................... 99 VI 4. THE BISHOPS IN POLITICS........................... 114 Ecclesiastical Politics......................... 115 Political Officeholding in Three Settlements . 124 A Quantitative Analysis of Political Activity. 132 C o n c l u s i o n ...................................... 139 5. BISHOPS AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. 143 Personal Wealth..................................149 Telegraphs and Railroads ..................... 150 M i n i n g .......................................... 162 C o n c l u s i o n...................................... 167 6. BISHOPS IN AN URBAN W E S T ......................... 175 Urban Improvement............................... 177 Ecclesiastical Office and Economic Leadership Opportunity...................................