Joint Migration and Development Initiative MIGRATION FOR DEVELOPMENT: A BOTTOM-UP APPROACH A HANDBOOK FOR PRACTITIONERS AND POLICYMAKERS This handbook is financed United Nations by the European Union “Delivering as One” United Kingdom Netherlands Belgium Germany Moldova France Austria Italy Spain Georgia Portugal Greece Cyprus Morocco Tunisia Algeria Egypt Bangladesh Mali Jamaica Cape Verde Senegal Philippines Nigeria Ethiopia Ghana Ecuador Sri Lanka United Kingdom Netherlands Belgium Germany Moldova France Austria Italy Spain Georgia Portugal Greece Cyprus Morocco Tunisia Algeria Egypt Bangladesh Mali Jamaica Cape Verde Senegal Philippines Nigeria Ethiopia Ghana Ecuador Sri Lanka Countries involved in the Joint Migration and Development Initiative 4 Joint Migration and Development Initiative Migration for Development: a Bottom-Up Approach A Handbook for Practitioners and Policymakers. 5 Table of Contents Foreword – European Commission 13 Foreword – United Nations 14 Introduction 15 Background to this Handbook 17 How to use this Handbook 19 PART I: WHO? 21 Chapter 1 A bottom-up approach to migration and development 21 1 1 Migration-development and migrant contributions 23 1 2 Decentralised cooperation, migration and small-scale actors 27 Conclusion 30 PART II ACTIONS: MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN PRACTICE 31 Chapter 2 Migrant Communities 33 2 1 Network building 34 2 2 Empowering migrant networks 38 2 3 Building on networks for local development 41 Recommendations 45 Chapter 3 Migrant Remittances 47 3 1 Improving financial tools and migrants’ financial capacity 48 3 2 Facilitating collective investment 54 3 3 Supporting individual migrants’ businesses 60 Recommendations 65 Chapter 4 Migrant Capacities 67 4 1 Mapping migrant skills and local needs 68 4 2 Matching skills through transnational engagement 70 4 3 Matching skills through long-term return 75 Recommendations 79 Chapter 5 Migrant Rights 81 5 1 Awareness raising 82 5 2 Assisting vulnerable migrants 88 Recommendations 93 6 PART III ALLIANCES: TRANSNATIONAL COLLABORATION 95 Chapter 6 Partnerships in M&D 97 6 1 M&D partnership essentials 98 6 2 Complementarities in M&D partnerships 101 6 3 Capacity transfer in M&D partnerships 107 6 4 Threats and solutions 111 Recommendations 117 Chapter 7 Stakeholder engagement in M&D 119 7 1 Identifying stakeholders 120 7 2 Benefits of stakeholder engagement 122 7 3 Forms of collaboration with stakeholders 129 Recommendations 131 Chapter 8 Strategic alliances in M&D 133 8 1 Identifying strategic allies 134 8 2 Benefits of involving strategic allies 137 8 3 Forms of collaboration with strategic allies 143 Recommendations 147 Final recommendations 149 References 153 Annex - List of JMDI projects 156 7 Text boxes 1 Project Cape Verde-7: “Cape Verde multimedia centre ” 35 2 Project Jamaica-22: “Knowledge networks for connecting Jamaica and its diaspora ” 37 3 Project Georgia-17: “Promoting cooperation among migrant communities and local governments for local development ” 40 4 Project Philippines-43: “Maria for the MDGs: harnessing the diaspora, local women’s groups, rural banks and local governments for rural development ” 43 5. Project Moldova-27: “DEVINPRO Moldova 2009/2010: Strengthening the link between migration and development through developing and testing replicable migration-related products and services for migrants and their communities ” 50 6 Project Ecuador-9: “Strengthening the productive chain of organic coffee in the province of Loja, Ecuador ” 55 7 Project Philippines-41: “Enhancing the capacity of migrants as partners in economic development ” 56 8 Project Senegal-47: “Migrants’ Supporting Tools for Economic Projects: S T E P ” 61 9 Project Egypt-13: “Entrepreneurial ‘knowledge’: towards Arab German- Egyptian women development experience ” 73 10 Project Egypt-11: “Migrants skills transfer in aquaculture and fisheries: the case of Greece and Egypt ” 77 11 Project Moldova-28: “Support for children and parents in migration ” 83 12 Project Algeria-2: “For most of it I have no words: irregular migration routes and communication ” 84 13 Project Nigeria-39: “Migrant rights: Nigerian-Polish initiative ” 89 14 Project Mali-24: “Improving access to mental health services for forced return migrants in Mali ” 91 15 Project Nigeria-40: “Sickle cell cohort study: a sustainable pilot scheme ” 103 16 Project Moldova-30: “Migrants’ capacities for the Moldovan health system development - a brain gain project ” 104 17 Project Tunisia-51: “Migrants’ information and training ” 108 18 Project Morocco-35: “Migrant rights and cultural otherness ” 123 19 Project Jamaica-21: “Mitigating the negative impact of migration on the multi-generational household (MGH) in Jamaica ” 127 8 20 Project Sri Lanka-49: “Leveraging remittances for socioeconomic development in Sri Lanka ” 135 21 JMDI Knowledge Fair 139 22 Project Morocco-36: “Mutualising migrants’ competences for solidarity and economic development of Morocco ” 140 23 Project Georgia-15: “Integration of Georgian migrants into the labour market ” 146 9 Figures Fig 1 Different migrant capitals can be exploited in the same M&D action 32 Fig 2 Actions harnessing the development potential of networks across communities 33 Fig 3 Network building 39 Fig 4 Network empowerment 42 Fig 5 Building on networks for local development 44 Fig 6 Actions enhancing remittances as development tools 47 Fig 7 Improving financial tools and migrants’ financial capacity 54 Fig 8 Facilitating collective investment 60 Fig 9 Supporting the creation and expansion of migrant enterprises 64 Fig 10 Actions enhancing the transfer of knowledge and skills 67 Fig 11 Mapping migrant skills and local needs 71 Fig 12 Matching skills through transnational engagement 74 Fig 13 Matching skills through long-term return: an overview 78 Fig 14 Actions enhancing cultural capital and human rights for development 81 Fig 15 Increasing awareness of migrant rights 87 Fig 16 Providing assistance to vulnerable migrants and their families 92 Fig 17 Alliances in small-scale M&D interventions 95 Fig 18 Partnerships in small-scale M&D projects 97 Fig 19 Binding forces in small-scale M&D partnerships 98 Fig 20 M&D partnerships’ essential elements 101 Fig 21 Complementarities between small-scale actors in a partnership 106 Fig 22 Capacity transfer in small-scale M&D partnerships 110 Fig 23 Threats in small-scale actors’ M&D partnerships 116 Fig 24 Stakeholder engagement in small-scale M&D projects 119 Fig 25 Identifying stakeholders for small-scale M&D projects 121 Fig 26 Benefits of stakeholder engagement in M&D projects 128 Fig 27 Types of collaboration with stakeholders in M&D projects 130 Fig 28 Strategic alliances in small-scale M&D projects 133 Fig 29 Identification of strategic allies in small-scale M&D projects 136 Fig 30 Benefits of strategic ally involvement in small-scale M&D projects 142 Fig 31 Forms of strategic ally involvement 145 10 Acronyms and abbreviations ACF Aquaculture and fisheries ACP Africa, Caribbean and Pacific CeSPI Centro Studi di Politica Internazionale, Italy COMPAS Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, United Kingdom CoP Community of Practice CSO Civil Society Organization EC European Commission EUNOMAD European Network on Migrations and Development FES-ILDIS Friedrich Ebert Stiftung - Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, Bolivia GFMD Global Forum on Migration and Development GMG Global Migration Group GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (now Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, GIZ), Germany ICT Information and Communication Technology IDP Internally Displaced Population ILO International Labour Organization IMI International Migration Institute, United Kingdom IOM International Organization for Migration ISS Institute for Security Studies, South Africa IT Information Technology JMDI Joint Migration and Development Initiative LA Local Authority M4D Net Migration4Development Network MA Master of Arts M&D Migration and Development MDGs Millennium Development Goals MGH Multi-Generational Household MPI Migration Policy Institute, United States of America NGO Non-Governmental Organization OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development PhD Doctor of philosophy PRIO Peace Research Institute Oslo, Norway SCD Sickle cell disease SIG Savings and Investment Group 11 SOPEMI Système d’Observation Permanente sur les Migrations UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees US United States of America USD United States Dollar WB World Bank 12 Foreword – European Commission Over the last decade, the European Union has been paying increased attention to the nexus between migration and development The high number of Communica- tions and Council Conclusions addressing this issue clearly demonstrates its high importance on the European and international policy agenda A huge number of actors worldwide are looking for ways to make migration con- tribute efficiently to development, and at the European Union level this has been translated into an increased embedding of migration in EU development policies, with increasing awareness of the importance of migration as a key development factor The EC-UN Joint Migration and Development Initiative, implemented by UNDP in partnership with IOM, ILO, UNFPA and UNHCR and entirely funded by the European Commission through the thematic programme for cooperation with third countries in the areas of migration and