ENDLINE ASSESSMENT Assessment of The Hunger Project’s Strategy towards Strengthening and Building of Leadership of Elected Women Representatives (EWRs) in Odisha January, 2017 Submitted To: The Hunger Project (THP) Submitted By: Catalyst Management Services Private Limited Head Office: No. 36, First Floor, Vinayaka Layout, Boopasandra Main Road, Boopasandra, Bangalore – 560 094. Ph: + 91 80 2341 9616 Email: [email protected]; Web: http://www.cms.org.in Branch and Project Offices at: New Delhi, Bhopal, Hyderabad, Aruppukottai, Salem, Pudukkottai, Gulbarga Table of Contents Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................... 4 List of Definitions .................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Background ......................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Objectives of the Study ....................................................................................................................... 8 3. Approach and Methodology ............................................................................................................... 8 3.1. Quantitative Sample and Tools .................................................................................................... 9 3.2. Qualitative Sample and Tools ...................................................................................................... 9 3.3. Scores and Indices ...................................................................................................................... 10 4. Quality Assurance ............................................................................................................................. 12 5. Analytical Framework ....................................................................................................................... 13 6. Limitations ......................................................................................................................................... 14 7. Key Findings ...................................................................................................................................... 15 7.1. Respondent Profiles ................................................................................................................... 15 7.1.1. Socio-Economic Profile of EWRs ......................................................................................... 15 7.1.2. Political Profile of EWRs ...................................................................................................... 17 7.1.3. Affiliation to Community Organisations ............................................................................. 18 7.1.4. Profile of Qualitative Samples ............................................................................................. 18 7.2. Political Engagement .................................................................................................................. 19 7.2.1. Political Background ............................................................................................................ 19 7.2.2. Factors encouraging Political Participation ......................................................................... 22 7.2.3. Barriers to Political Participation ........................................................................................ 26 7.2.4. Awareness about Roles and Responsibilities ...................................................................... 27 7.2.5. Aspirations .......................................................................................................................... 41 7.3. Gender Equity ............................................................................................................................ 43 7.3.1. Division of Labour ............................................................................................................... 43 7.3.2. Mobility ............................................................................................................................... 48 7.3.3. Decision Making .................................................................................................................. 50 7.3.4. Other Social Norms and Practices ....................................................................................... 56 7.3.5. Self Confidence ................................................................................................................... 57 7.3.6. Impact non EWRs ................................................................................................................ 63 7.4. Engagement with THP ................................................................................................................ 65 7.4.1. EWR Participation in Workshops ........................................................................................ 65 7.4.2. Alibha and Mahila Adhikar Samukhya ................................................................................ 70 7.4.3. Interaction with Government Functionaries and Media Personnel ................................... 78 7.5. Empowerment ........................................................................................................................... 81 7.6. Partner Assessment ................................................................................................................... 83 8. Overall Assessment ........................................................................................................................... 86 9. Way Forward ..................................................................................................................................... 91 Annexure 1: Composite Capacity Index (CCI) ....................................................................................... 93 Annexure 2: Computation of Empowerment Indices ........................................................................... 97 Annexure 3: Significance Tests ........................................................................................................... 100 1. Regression Results ...................................................................................................................... 100 2. T-Test Results .............................................................................................................................. 105 Annexure 4: EWR Initiatives ................................................................................................................ 106 Annexure 5: Study Tools ..................................................................................................................... 108 1. EWR Survey (Quantitative Tool) ................................................................................................. 108 2. Group Interview with Elected Women Representatives (Qualitative Tool) ................................. 28 3. Group Interview with Maliha Adhikar Samukhya (Qualitative Tool) .............................................. 7 4. Key Informant Interviews with Local Authorities (Qualitative Tool) .............................................. 7 5. Key Informant Interviews with Media Representatives (Qualitative Tool) .................................. 10 Abbreviations BL Baseline NSS Nyaya Sahayak Samiti BPL Below Poverty Line OBC Other Backward Class CBO Community Based Organisation OCAT Organizational Capacity Assessment Tool Organisation For Economic Co-Operation and CCI Composite Capacity Index OECD Development CMS Catalyst Management Services OLS Ordinary Least Squares DAC Development Assistance Committee PDS Public Distribution System Development Agency for Poor and Tribal DAPTA PECUC People’s Cultural Centre Awakening EL Endline PESA Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act Peoples Institute for Participatory Action EWR Elected Women Representative PIPAR Research GEN General PPI Progress Out of Poverty Index GI Group Interviews PRI Panchayati Raj Institutions GP Gram Panchayat PS Panchayat Samiti HH Household SC Scheduled Caste IAY Indira Awas Yojana SHG Self Help Group IWD Institute for Women’s Development ST Scheduled Tribe Strengthening Women’s Empowerment JE Junior Engineer SWEEP Through Electoral Process KII Key Informant Interviews THP The Hunger Project MAS Mahila Adhikar Samukhya USAID US Agency for International Development Mahatma Gandhi National Rural MGNREGA VAW Violence Against Women Employment Guarantee Act MLA Member of the Legislative Assembly WaSH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene National Bank for Agriculture and Rural NABARD WATSAN Water and Sanitation Development NBW Need Based Workshop WiP Women in Power NGO Non-Governmental Organisation List of Definitions Term Definitions Alibha is the federation of EWRs facilitated by THP for the state of Odisha. It Alibha translates into ‘the one that cannot be erased’. Started in 1975 as part of the Integrated Child Development Services, a typical Anganwadi Center provides basic health care in Indian villages which includes Anganwadi Center contraceptive counseling and supply, nutrition education and supplementation, as well as pre-school activities. This committee has constituted in the place of ‘Poshahar Vitran Evam Kriyanvayan Samiti’ (Nutrition Distribution and Implementation Committee). Anganwadi Vikas Samiti This committee