HISTORY OF SCOTLAND LlbKAKT THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND FROM AGRICOLA'S INVASION TO THE EXTINCTION OF THE LAST JACOBITE INSURRECTION BY JOHN HILL BURTON HISTORIOGRAPHER-ROYAL FOR SCOTLAND A NEW EDITION, REVISED IN EIGHT VOLUMES VOL. III. WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS EDINBURGH AND LONDON MDCCCLXXVI All Rights reserved 1,1 CONTENTS OF THIRD VOLUME. CHAPTER XXIX. JAMES III. PAGE A child again on the throne—Tutelage of Bishop Kennedy— The Lords of the Isles—Their treaty with England—Projects — of the there for renewing the claims of superiority History forged evidence for the claim deposited in the English Treasury —Rise of the Boyds—Intrigues about the custody of the young of —Ar- king—Marriage of the king with a princess Norway Parliament- rangements as to the Shetland and Orkney Isles— of the —Fall of ary control on the property and powers Crown —St Andrews made an — fate the Boyds archbishopric— Strange of the first archbishop—France and Louis XL The unpopu- In- lar king and his popular brothers— Fate of the brothers— — The vasion of England — The king's unpopular favourites seizure and at the of Lauder—The Douglases hanging Bridge — again—Confederacy against the king Battle of Sauchieburn I — Death of the king, . '3'1 1 VI CONTENTS. CHAPTER XXX. JAMES IV. Condition of the country—Dealing with the insurgents—Treaty of Douglas with England—Quarrels of the Estates with the Papal Court— Policy of a double head to the National Church —Archbishopric of Glasgow constituted— History of Perkin Warbeck and his connection with Scotland—Quarrel with England—Scots courtiers subsidised by England—Growing influence of Scotland in Continental politics—Dealings with Spain—The Spanish ambassador and his account of James IV. —Marriage with Margaret, daughter of Henry VII. —Conflict with the Highlands—Their condition—The Scots navy—Sea- fights—Influence of France—War with England—Invasion— Battle of Flodden— Death of the king— Great slaughter among the chief families — Influence of the event as a national calamity, . ... 35-82 CHAPTER XXXI. JAMES V. Effects of the battle of Flodden— Precautions—A thin Parliament —The French alliance —Conduct of the queen-mother—Her marriage to Angus— Albany sent for—He comes and acts as regent—His incompatibility with Scotland—Goes back to France— Slaughter of De la Bastie, left by him in authority— Ineffectual anger of France— State of the country— Family feuds — New rise of a Douglas power in Angus—Battle of Cleanse the Causeway— Albany's return—Suspicions of him— Pressure of England—An army sent to the Border—Albany goes back to France—Border warfare—Cardinal Wolsey and his Scots intrigues—The French party and Beaton—Wolsey's projects for kidnapping Beaton—Beaton's caution and counter- plots—Beaton's imprisonment, and the speculations about it " — Projects for getting rid of Albany—The erection" of the king—The revolution it effects, . 83-123 CONTENTS. VU CHAPTER XXXII. JAMES V. {Continued.) — of Radcliffe and Menacing attitude of England Mission Magnus to Scotland—Their equivocal position—An embassy from Scot- land desired in return—The young king—The French party- — with Unpopularity of the English emissaries— Treaty England —Tamperings with the national pride The queen-dowager's — returns from —His for doings again Angus England —struggle power— His success—Gets possession of the king The king released—War with Angus—His fall—Parliamentary forfeit- ures—Ecclesiastical affairs—Martyrdom of Patrick Hamilton —Conflict with the Borderers—Power and influence of the Armstrongs—Their treatment—Its bad effect on the condition of the Borders— The Western Highlands and Argyle—Attacks on the aristocratic houses—Angus and' others become adhe- — Invasion of rents of England — Their plots and promises — for with —Diffi- Northumberland Negotiations peace —England culties—National pride and French influence Completion of the peace, . • • • 124-156 CHAPTER XXXIII. JAMES V. {Continued.) Scotland in relation to the other states of Europe—King Henry's to the truth—Wants a — anxiety to bring his nephew — meeting — Suspicions about his intentions Political speculations about the marriage of the king—Goes to France—His distinguished — death reception there—Married to Magdalen of France Her —Married to Mary of Guise—Mysterious treason trials—The fate of the Lady Glammis—Burnings for heresy—Symptoms of the influence of the new doctrines— Stage performance against the clergy—An Act of Parliament on heretics and the internal abuses of the Church—Close watch kept by Henry VIII. on the politics of Scotland— Sir Ralph Sadler— King James busy with fortresses and fleets—A progress among the Western Isles — in the —The land- Domestic calamities king's family — great owners—Their apprehensions from the Crown Revocations of VI ll CONTENTS. — grants King Henry again wanting a meeting—King James breaks his engagement — Suspicions of Henry's intentions— King Henry's project for kidnapping King James—War— The affair of Solway Moss — The birth of Queen Mary— The death of King James V., . 157-187 CHAPTER XXXIV. REGENCY OF ARRAN. The condition of the country—The infant queen—The Regent Arran and Cardinal Beaton —The queen-mother, Mary of Lor- raine—The determination of Henry VIII. to marry the queen to his son—His threats—Angus and the captives at Solway Moss—How became "assured" to serve — they — King Henry Sir Ralph Sadler returns Finds the people determined against English interference— "The assured lords" will get no obedi- ence from their own retainers—The offers to Arran—Cardinal Beaton's imprisonment—Treaties for the marriage—The cus- tody of "the child"—National suspicions— Seizure by Henry of Scots vessels—National opposition to a treaty— Position of Douglas and the lords "assured" to Henry, . 188-218 CHAPTER XXXV. REGENCY OF ARRAN. {Continued?, Lennox, a partisan of the English interest—Gets possession of the money sent by France—English attacks on the Border—Re- discussion of the treaty with England and French alliance— Formidable state of popular feeling against England—Sadler " perplexed—Henry takes measures towards his assured lords" —Finds them impracticable— Preparations for punishing them and the country— Unable to send a force sufficient for conquest, sends one for mischief—The instructions to Hertford—How he fulfilled them—Burning of Edinburgh — Destruction in Fife —Battle of Ancrum—Henry's attempts to secure the allegiance of the Borderers —A conference with a Border chief, and its result — Another wasting expedition on the Scots Border— Siege of Kelso—Devastation —Destruction by the English of religious establishments wrongly attributed to the Scots Re- formers, . , . 219-248 CONTENTS. IX CHAPTER XXXVI. REGENCY OF ARRAN. {Continued.) Ecclesiastical affairs—Influence of the English inquiry into the monastic establishments—Account of George Wishart—He and Knox in Scotland—Seizure of Wishart—Trial and condemna- — the cardinal's life—Who tion—Burning The plots against — concerned in the plots?— Seizure of the castle of St Andrews Death of the cardinal—Holding of the castle—The siege—The— French auxiliaries—The capture—Disposal—of the prisoners Knox and his companions in the galleys Death of Henry VIII. —The Protector marches an army to Scotland—Battle of Pinkie—Its effect—A success on the Border—Perilous position of the country—Arrangements with France—Removal of the queen—French auxiliaries—The recovery of the strong places —Peace—Mary of Lorraine becomes regent, . 249-284 CHAPTER XXXVII. THE REFORMATION. — Government of Mary of Lorraine Her inability to understand the constitution of Scotland—French practices — Frenchmen — the fortresses in their promoted to high offices Attempt to put — hands—Proposal of a standing army, and its reception Queen Mary's marriage to the Dauphin— His accession to the crown of France—The country alarmed by projects of annexation to the crown of France—Rise of suspicion and dislike of France and the French alliance—The alien character of the Church in Scotland—How far the doctrines of the Reformers were spread- — — of the ecclesiastical ing More burnings The secrecy —proced- ure against heretics — The reasons for the secrecy Secular causes of enmity to the Church—Wealth and luxuriousness of the churchmen—Their moral condition—Their temporal power as administrators of the law—Demoralising influence of their authority in marriage and succession—The power of excom- munication or cursing— Its use for levying debts and for acts of personal oppression— Specimen of a cursing—The Church x CONTENTS. conscious of its own defects — Internal efforts at reformation — Reforming councils — Literature of the Church — Miracles— New literature—Archbishop Hamilton's Catechism—The Two- penny Faith, ...... 285-336 CHAPTER XXXVII I. THE REFORMATION. (Continued.) Political position of the Reformation question in European politics—Arrival of Knox—Characteristics of his nature and influence — His coadjutors and their motives — Maitland of Lethington—The First Band or Covenant—The Lords of the Congregation embodied—Pressure on the queen-regent— Her duplicity — The first outbreak — Attacks on the symbols of Popish worship and the buildings of the religious orders— Con- sideration how far the ruined condition of old ecclesiastical buildings in Scotland is due to the Reformers—The Congrega- tion at Perth — Dealings with the regent — Occupation of Edinburgh — Condition and dangers of England — Queen ' ' " Elizabeth—Knox and the blast female rule—Cecil — against and Knox in treaty -Difficulty of finding a legitimate head to treat