SECTION – A 1) Artificial system of classification of plants was proposed by Swedish botanist – Carolus Linnaeus 2) Sexual system of classification - artificial classification 3) Binomial classification of organisms is introduced by - Gaspard Bauhin 4) Binomial classification of organism is properly followed by - Carolus Linnaeus 5) Genera Plantarum’ – 3 volumes 6) In Bentham and Hooker’s classification of plants, the present day ‘orders’ were referred to as ‘cohorts’ 7) Plants having flowers with free petals come under polypetalae. 8) Inferae includes 3 orders and 9 families. 9) Present day familes were referred as – Division 10) Thalamiflorae - 6 orders and 34 families 11) Epigynous flowers – Inferae 12) The family included under the series Unisexuales – Euphorbiaceae 13) Thespesia populnea belongs to Malvaceae 14) Malvaceae is placed in the series – Thalamiflorae 15) Anthers are monothecous in – Malvaceae 16) In Abelmoschus esculentus, the fruit is – schizocarp 17) Binomial of lady’s finger is Abelmoschus esculentus 18) Midrib and veins are found with yellowish spines - Solanum xanthocarpum 19) Solanaceae is placed under - Polemoniales 20) The carpels are obliquely placed in the members of – Solanaceae 21) Euphorbiaceae includes about – 300 genera 22) Ricinus communis is a – shrub 23) Plants have latex which is either milky or watery - Euphorbiaceae 24) An example of cladode is - Euphorbia tirucalli 25) In Hevea brasiliensis, the leaves are - trifoliately compound 26) “The bird of paradise flower” refers to - Strelitzia reginae 27) The phyllotaxy in Musa is – spiral 28) In inflorescence in Ravenala madagascariensis is - compound cyme 29) The number of fertile stamens in Ravenala madagascariensis is – 6 30) 5 stamens - are fertile in musa 31) Plants having flowers with single whorl of perianth are placed under monochlamydeae 32) Camp and Gily 1943, coined the term ‘biosystematics’. 33) The current system of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature was adapted from 1978. 34) Plant taxonomy is otherwise known as systematic botany 35) Charles Darwin’s concept of Origin of Species had given enough stimulus for the creation of phylogenetic system of classification 36) Adolf Engler (1844-1930) and Karl Prantl (1849-1893) of Germany published a phylogenetic system in their monograph on “Die Naturlichen Pflanzen Familien” 37) Orchidaceae are monocotyledons 38) Asteraceae are dicotyledons 1 39) In 1930, the fifth International Botanical Congress was held at Cambridge, England to frame rules and regulations for naming plants 40) The twelfth meeting was held at Leningrad, USSR in July 1975. 42) It is a natural system of classification and is based on important characters of the plants 43) Natural system of classification - George Bentham (1800-1884) and Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817-1911). 44) Herbarium of Indian Botanical - Garden, Kolkata, India. 45) More than 12000 herbarium - Rapinat Herbarium, Trichy, 46) More than 1,90,000 herbarium - Botanical Survey of India Coimbatore 47) Herbarium of Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, London, England - More than 60,00,000 48) Plants having flowers with dome or conical thalamus. Ovary is superior – Thalamiflorae 49) It includes flowers having prominent disc shaped thalamus below the Ovary – Disciflorae 50) Plants having flowers with cup shaped thalamus – Calyciflorae 51) Plants having flowers with petals, which are either partially or completely fused to one another, are placed under Gamopetalae. 52) Plants having flowers with single whorl of perianth are placed under Monochlamydeae. 53) The members of this class have naked ovules or seeds – Gymnospermae 54) Seeds of monocotyledonous plants contain only one cotyledon – Monocotyledonae 55) Bracteoles - absent in Abutilon indicum. 56) Malvaceae tree - Thespesia populnea 57) The members of this family have mucilagenous substance. Stellate hairs occur on their young parts. 58) Hibiscus cannabinus (Deccan hemp) - bast fibres 59) Althaea rosea are used for treating whooping cough 60) The plant which is called Nilathuthi - Sida cordifoliaI 61) Solanaceae trees -S. giganteum 62) Extra axillary scorpioid cyme called rhipidium (fan shaped cyme) - S. nigrum 63) Flowers of Solanaceae - Zygomorphic - Schizanthus pinnatus 64) Calyx is bell shaped and persistent - S. melongena 65) Corolla of Solanaceae - gamopetalous, funnel shaped, rotate, tubular, usually plicate (folded like a fan blade) showing twisted or valvate or imbricate aestivation. 66) Roots and leaves of Withania somnifera (Amukkara) are used to treat nervous disorder and are diuretic apart from useful tonic. 67) Leaves and flowers of Datura stramonium are the sources of drug ‘stramonium’ used to treat asthma and whooping cough 68) The stipules are modified into a pair of spines - E.splendens 69) The stipules are modified into glandular hairs - Jatropha curcas 2 70) The leaves around the cyathium become beautifully coloured in E.pulcherrima 71) The characteristic inflorescence of Euphorbia is cyathium 72) In, Acalypha indica (Kuppaimeni), the inflorescence is simple raceme, it is catkin. 73) Fruit is regma in Ricinus communis, dehiscing into three cocci. 74) Jatropha oil obtained from the seeds of Jatropha curcas (Kattamanakku) is used to extract bio-diesel. 75) The leaves and roots of Jatropha gossypifolia are used in the treatment of leprosy and snakebite. 76) The entire shoot system of Phyllanthus amarus (Keezhanelli) is used to treat jaundice 77) Muscaceae - Series: Epigynae 78) The fleshy fruits of Phyllanthus emblica (Gooseberry) are rich in vitamin C. 79) An elongated fleshy berry without capsule - Ravenala. 80) The fibres obtained from sheathy leaf bases of Musa textiles (Manila hemp) are woven into Abaca cloth and used for cordage 81) The sap obtained from the sheathy leaf bases of Musa paradisiacal is considered to be an antidote for cobra bite 82) Traveller’s palm – Ravenala madagascariensis 83) Pongmia glabra is a tree 84) Oskinomin aspera – water plant 85) Botanical name of ground nut plant - Arachis hypogea 86) Fruits of Fabaceae – Legume 88) Terminal leaflets modified into tendrils in Pisum sativum 90) Bacteria present in root nodule of leguminous plants – Rhizobum leguminosorum 91) In Aeschynomene aspera, the stamens are fused to form two bundles each containing five stamens (5) + (5). 92) In Crotalaria verrucosa the stamens are monadelphous and dimorphic 93) Rubiaceae family - Series: Inferae 94) Leaves are simple, opposite decussate - Ixora coccinea 95) Inflorescence is corymbose cyme - Ixora coccinea 96) Rubia is a small shrub which belongs to - Rubiaceae 97) When the stipules of each leaf are fused at the angle between petiole and stem, they are called intrapetiolar stipules - Gardenia 98) Leaves are simple, opposite decussate, oblong, stipulate with interpetiolar stipules and unicostate reticulate Venation - Ixora coccinea 100) Petals 4 or 5, gamopetalous, hypocrateriform or salver shaped i.e. a long narrow tube consisting of limbs – placed at right angles to the tube (eg. Ixora coccinea), showing valvate or twisted or imbricate aestivation. 101) Quinine, antimalarial drug which controls malarial fever is derived from Cinchona calisaya and C.officinalis. 102) Vernonia arboria – tree 3 103) The head is reduced to single flower in - Echinops 104) Homogamous head inflorescence is found in - Helianthus 105) Asteraceae is the largest family of flowering plants 106) In Asteraceae the persistent pappus acts like a parachute and helps in the dispersal of fruit. 107) All the florets are ligulate as in Launaea pinnatifida. 109) Medicinal plant of Asteraceae used to treat Jaundice – Eclipta prostrate 110) Seeds of the plant is powdered and mixed with coffee powder – Cichorium intybus 111) Family Arecaceae - Series: Calycinae 112) Arecaceae includes about 217 genera 113) Borassus flabellifer – commonly called palm 114) In Corypha umbraculifera, the spadix measures about – 10 m 115) The oil obtained from fleshy mesocarp of Elaeis guineansis is called palm oil 116) In Cocos nucifera inflorescence is, large, lateral arising from the axils of leaves, compound spadix, enclosed by large woody bract called spathe 117) Fruit of Arecaceae - a drupe with fibrous mesocarp. 118) Nipa fruticans has no aerial stem and leaves arise directly from the underground rhizome. 119) Unbranched tree with arborescent stem and a crown of large leaves - Coconut 120) The apparent, unbranched, errect and areal pseudostem is formed by the long, stiff and sheathy leaf bases which are rolled around one another to form an aerial pseudostem. 3 MARKS QUESTIONS 1) What are the aims of biosystematics 2) What are the defects of artificial system of classification of plants? 3) Define biosystematics. 4) What are the aims of biosystematics. 5) What is Binomial nomenclature? 6) What is a type specimen? 7) What is called author citation? 8) What is called nomen ambiguum? 9) Define tautonym. 10) Define Herbarium 11) What is polypetalae? 12) What are the three classes of flowering plants. 13) Write the families of gymnospermae 14) Write short notes on monochlamydeae 15) Bring out the demerits of Bentham and Hooker’s classification of plants. 16) Briefly mention the systematic position of Laurineae. 17) Mention the systematic position of Malvaceae 18) Write a note on androecium of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. 19) Draw the floral diagram and write the floral formula of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 20) Name any three fibre plants of Malvaceae 4 21) Mention the binomial of any three medicinal plants of Malvaceae. 22) Give the systematic