FPRC Journal __________________________________ a Quarterly research journal devoted to studies on Indian Foreign Policy ______________________________________ Focus : 75 Years of India-US Relations (1945-2020) ____________________________________________________ Foreign Policy Research Centre NEW DELHI (INDIA) ____________________________________________________ FPRC Journl-45 75 Years of India-US Relations FPRC JOURNAL (J-45) 2021 (1) Focus : 75 Years of India-US Relations (1945-2020) ISSN 2277 – 2464 © : Reserved The views expressed in the article, response are the author’s own and not those of the Foreign Policy Research Centre, New Delhi All Rights Reserved. No Part of this Journal can Be reproduced in any manner without written permission. India, 2021 Published by Foreign Policy Research Centre New Delhi (India) www.fprc.in Contributors 2 FPRC Journl-45 75 Years of India-US Relations Interviews : (1)Amb. Ronen Sen Former Indian Ambassador to the USA Had consecutive appointments as Ambassador of India to Mexico(1991-92);to the Russian Federation (1992- 98); to the Federal Republic of Germany (1998-2002); as High Commissioner to the United Kingdom(2002- 04); and as Ambassador to the USA (2004-09).He is the only Indian so far to serve as ambassador in three P-5 and five G-20 capitals: participated in 182 bilateral and multilateral summit meetings in six continents. Awarded India’s third highest civilian award, the Padma Bhushan (2012) (2) Amb. Preet Malik a former Ambassador to Myanmar. he retired as Special Secretary in India’s Ministry of External Affairs : joined the Indian Foreign Service in 1962. (3) Amb. Amit Dasgupta Indian Diplomat for 34 years Strategic Advisor India Engagement at UNSW Sydney 3 FPRC Journl-45 75 Years of India-US Relations (4) Amb Anil Trigunayat (IFS retd) Fmr Ambassador of India to Jordan , Libya & Malta President , MIICCIA Chamber of Commerce ,www.MIICCIA.com Co-President , www.udmrd.org Adviser to BRICS/AAGC Chamber of Commerce Secretary Association of Indian Diplomats ( Former Ambassadors) Distinguished Fellow Vivekananda International Foundation, www.vifindia.org Adviser Intl www.ncdc.in : Peace Ambassador @ www.unity.earth (5) Amb. Touqir Hussain former senior diplomat from Pakistan, served as Diplomatic Adviser to the Prime Minister; Currently, Adjunct Faculty at Georgetown University and Syracuse University (6) Admiral Arun Prakash (Retd), PVSM, AVSM, VrC, VSM, ADC Chief of the Naval Staff from 31 July 2004 to 31 October 2006 and Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee from 31 January 2005 to 31 Oct. 2006 4 FPRC Journl-45 75 Years of India-US Relations (7) Timothy D. Hoyt, Ph.D. Professor of Strategy and Policy Academic Director and Senior Mentor, Advanced Strategy Program ; John Nicholas Brown Chair of Counterterrorism, US Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island (8) Dr. Dov Zakheim Sr.Fellow, CNA Corp. and a Sr. Advisor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (9) Richard M. Rossow Senior Adviser and Wadhwani Chair in U.S. India Policy Studies The Center for Strategic and International Studies 1616 Rhode Island Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20036 5 FPRC Journl-45 75 Years of India-US Relations (10) Dr.Richard Weitz Senior Fellow and Director of the Center for Political-Military Analysis at Hudson Institute, 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Suite 400 Washington, DC (11) Dr. Daniel Markey Senior Research Professor in International Relations Academic Director of Master of Arts in Global Policy Program Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, Washington DC (12) Deepa M. Ollapally (Ph.D.) Associate Director & Research Professor of International Affairs Sigur Center for Asian Studies , George Washington University ,Washington, D.C. 6 FPRC Journl-45 75 Years of India-US Relations (13) Dr. David Arase Resident Professor of International Politics at the Hopkins-Nanjing Center of the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies,Nanjing, China (14) ) Nilanthi Samaranayake Director of the Strategy and Policy Analysis program at CNA, a nonprofit research organization in the Washington area. (15) Sanjay Upadhya a journalist, author and analyst based in the United States: worked for the British Broadcasting Corporation, the Times of London, Inter Press Service, Khaleej Times and the United Nations 7 FPRC Journl-45 75 Years of India-US Relations (16) Saurabh Gupta Resident Senior Fellow , Institute for China-America Studies (ICAS) Washington, D.C. (17) Dr. ShaistaTabassum Professor,Dept. of International Relations University of Karachi, Pakistan (18) Dr. Sanjukta Bhattacharya Professor (retired), Dept. Of International Relations, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 8 FPRC Journl-45 75 Years of India-US Relations Articles : (1) Dr. Manas Chakrabarty Senior Fellow (ICSSR),Department of Political Science University of North Bengal,Darjeeling. W.B. INDIA He was also Emeritus Professor of UGC (2016-2018) (2) Dr. Rajkumar Singh Professor and Head,University Department of Political Science B.N.Mandal University, Madhepura,Bihar, India (3) Dr.Nadia Helmy Associate Professor of Political Science, Faculty of Politics and Economics / Beni Suef University- Egypt 9 FPRC Journl-45 75 Years of India-US Relations (4) Jay Maniyar Research Associate, National Maritime Foundation, New Delhi Intern’s Corner: 1) Arun Radhakrishnan pursuing Final year B.A. with Political Science and International relations at IGNOU (2) Abhishek Verma Master of Arts in Politics Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi (3)Shreethigha Ganeshan M. A. Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 10 FPRC Journl-45 75 Years of India-US Relations (4)M. R. B. Anantha Padmanabha M.A. in Politics and International Relations, Pondicherry University (5) Mahak Kharb 5th year, BA.LLB (Hons) University School of Law and Legal Studies, GGSIPU, Delhi (6) Vedika Rekhi M.A. IInd Year in Politics and Int. Relations, Pondicherry University (7) Khushboo Sharma M.A. History, Ambedkar University ,New Delhi 11 FPRC Journl-45 75 Years of India-US Relations (8) Dhnyanada Dhote pursuing Master's in East Asian Studies from University of Delhi (9) Aileen Maria Joe MA Politics and International Relations ,Pondicherry University (10) Disha Malhotra MA. Public Policy, Mount Carmel College, Bangalore (11) Natasha Singh BA (Honors) Political Science: Kirori Mal College, Delhi University 12 FPRC Journl-45 75 Years of India-US Relations (12) Sakshi Chouksey Masters Degree in Sociology, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidhyalaya, INDORE (13) Shraddha Johri B.A. Hons History , Maitreyi College, University of Delhi International Relations/Foreign Policy (Generalia) (1) Dr. Sinha MA Sayeed writer, columnist, public speaker and Chairman of Leadership Studies foundation, LSP Dhaka, Bangladesh 13 FPRC Journl-45 75 Years of India-US Relations (2) Amro Selim Chairman of Elmoustkbal organization for Media and strategic Studies Member in International organizing committee for Global MIL week 2020 - UNESCO Regional ambassador for Agency for Cultural Diplomacy (Vienna) and Net Africa (Belgium) in Egypt and North Africa – member in the Alliance of NGOs on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. (3) Narendra Sharma pursuing Ph.D. from Center for Inner Asian Studies, SIS, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 14 FPRC Journl-45 75 Years of India-US Relations Preface This special issue of FPRC Journal (45) focuses on 75 Years of India-US Relations (1945-2020). Prominent visionary leaders of Indian freedom movement had friendly relations with United States which continued after independence in 1947. The bilateral relations were soon engulfed in the Cold War, with India refusing to align with any military bloc. India decided to go for non-alignment, something not palatable to US. This led to many ups and down in bilateral relations. At this moment, it is particularly important to revisit the original aspiration of establishing diplomatic relations more than seven decades ago. There are manifold challenges the two “great democracies” of the world have faced during this period. These have been identified by distinguished contributors of this special volume on the subject. They have also visualised the way forward for the two great nations. We take this opportunity to express our heart-felt thanks to contributors who have shared our sentiments and accepted our invitation to enrich the contents of the Journal. They have always been a source of strength to us. Dr.Mahendra Gaur Dr.Indira Gaur Director Mg. Director Foreign Policy Research Centre New Delhi (www.fprc.in) 15 FPRC Journl-45 75 Years of India-US Relations CONTENTS Interviews (pp-18-67) (1)Amb. Ronen Sen (2) Amb. Preet Malik (3) Amb. Amit Dasgupta (4) Amb Anil Trigunayat (5) Amb. Touqir Hussain (6) Admiral Arun Prakash (7) Timothy D. Hoyt, Ph.D. (8) Dr. Dov Zakheim (9) Richard M. Rossow (10) Dr.Richard Weitz (11) Dr. Daniel Markey (12) Deepa M. Ollapally (Ph.D.) (13) Dr. David Arase (14) ) Nilanthi Samaranayake (15) Sanjay Upadhya (16) Saurabh Gupta (17) Dr. ShaistaTabassum (18) Dr. Sanjukta Bhattacharya Articles (1) INDO-US Relations: PAST and the PRESENT Dr. Manas Chakrabarty (pp-68-79) (2) Recent Views and Reviews of India-US Nuclear Relations Dr.Rajkumar Singh (pp-80-86) (3) The impact of the (Indian Lobby) in the United States on the American policies towards combating the fundamentalism terrorism tide in South Asia Dr.Nadia Helmy (pp-87-145) (4) JAPAN and Contemporary US-INDIA Relations Jay Maniyar (pp-146-161) Intern’s Corner: (1) INDIA- US Cooperation in Space Science & Technology