Child Well-Being Survey in Urban Areas of Bangladesh Bangladesh has been experiencing rapid urbanization since the 1980s, partly due to the lack of work opportunities and impact of climate change in rural areas, and the expanding garments industry and rapid growth of the service sector in urban areas. As a consequence, urban cities, which are already fragile environments with limited land and weak infrastructure and services, are not equipped to adequately support the increasing number of families living in these areas, particularly women and children. 01 eBook: Child Well-Being Survey in Urban Areas of Bangladesh Urban population in Bangladesh rose from 32 million in 2001 to 55 million people in 2015, and is expected to 81M increase to 81 million in 2029.1 55M 32M 2001 2015 2029 02 eBook: Child Well-Being Survey in Urban Areas of Bangladesh Situation of women and children in urban areas in Bangladesh Nutrition Stunting Underweight 1 in 4 children under-5 is moderately 1 in 5 children under-5 is moderately and severely stunted in urban areas. and severely underweight. 26% 20% Stunting in Children in slums slums is 60% are 74% more likely higher than to be underweight in non-slum compared to children areas. +60% in non-slum areas. +74% Stunting and Breastfeeding underweight 3 in 5 babies were breastfed are three times within one hour of birth. as high in the poorest 3x households as 1x in the richest. 63% Mothers living in slums are 15% more likely to engage Sylhet division has the in early breastfeeding than mothers in other urban areas. highest rates of undernutrition amongst children under-5. +15% 03 eBook: Child Well-Being Survey in Urban Areas of Bangladesh Child Immunisation Care-seeking for ARI 9 in 10 children 12-23 months 8 in 10 children with symptoms are fully immunised in urban areas. of ARI were taken to a health Health care provider for treatment. 88% 81% Only 7 in 10 children are fully Children from immunised in slum areas. poor households are 23% less likely to be taken to a health care provider for 72% treatment than children from richer households. -23% 04 eBook: Child Well-Being Survey in Urban Areas of Bangladesh Reproductive Antenatal care Birth Attendant of women aged 3 in 5 births were attended 15-49 years received by skilled health personnel. Health 46% antenatal care with at least four visits. 64% 4 in 10 births in poorest households were attended by skilled health personnel, compared to 9 in 10 in richest households. Women living in slums are 41% less likely to receive 37% 90% antenatal care at least poorest richest four visits than those in non-slum areas. -41% Births attended by skilled health personnel are 25% less likely in slums than Sylhet division has non-slums areas. the lowest rates of antenatal care -25% coverage and skilled attendant at birth in urban areas, and Khulna the highest. Antenatal Skilled attendant care coverage at birth Sylhet 29% Sylhet 51% Khulna 54% Khulna 80% 05 eBook: Child Well-Being Survey in Urban Areas of Bangladesh WASH Sanitation facilities Handwashing Only 3 in 5 of households have households a specic place for 57% use improved 55% handwashing where sanitation facilities. water and soap or other cleansing agent are present. Only 2 in 10 households in slums use improved sanitation facilities compared to 5 in 10 in non-slum areas. Barisal division has the lowest percentage of households with a 19% 51% specific place for handwashing, while slums non-slum areas Rajshahi division has the highest. Rajshahi Barisal 44% 62% 06 eBook: Child Well-Being Survey in Urban Areas of Bangladesh Education Primary school 86% of children aged 7 in 10 children 6-10 years attended living in slums, primary school in compared to 9 69% 85% urban areas. in 10 children slums non-slum areas in non-slum areas, attended 86% primary school. Secondary school Children living in slums are 46% less 63% of children aged 11-15 years likely to attend attended secondary school. secondary school than children living in non-slum areas. 63% -46% 2 in 5 children from poorest households Barisal division has the highest attended secondary school compared percentage of children who to 4 in 5 from richest households. attended secondary school, while Dhaka Division has the lowest. Barisal 36% 82% Dhaka poorest household richest households 74% 59% 07 eBook: Child Well-Being Survey in Urban Areas of Bangladesh Child Birth registration Child labour Only 1 in 3 children under-5 living in urban areas in Bangladesh has Protection had his/her birth registered. 13% of children aged 5-17 years living in 1/3 urban areas were engaged in some form of labour. Children from poorest households are 24% less likely to have their births registered than children from richest households. -24% Child marriage 2 in 5 women aged 20-24 years and 3 in 5 women aged 20-49 years living in urban Child labour is 104% areas married before age 18. Child marriage prevalence more likely amongst amongst women aged 20-49 children living in years is 25% higher in slums slums than in 42% 60% than in non-slum areas. +25% non-slum areas. +104% 20-24 years 20-49 years Khulna is the division with the highest Child labour is ve times percentage of child marriage prevalence more likely in poorest amongst women aged 20-49 years and 5x than richest households. Sylhet is the division with the lowest. Khulna Sylhet Child discipline 8 in 10 children aged 66% 1-14 years experienced 40% psychological aggression or physical punishment 08 eBook: Child Well-Being Survey in Urban Areas of Bangladesh UNICEF Bangladesh BSL Ofce Complex 1 Minto Road, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Telephone: (880-2) 55668088 Email: [email protected] www.unicef.org.bd © United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) December 2016 This e-book has been prepared based on the "Child Wellbeing Survey in Urban Areas of Bangladesh", Government of Bangladesh and UNICEF Bangladesh, 2016 1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2014). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, custom data acquired via website..