A Guide to Smart Growth and Cultural Resource Planning A Guide to Smart Growth and Cultural Resource Planning was prepared by the Division of Historic Preservation, Wisconsin Historical Society. It has been financed in part with Federal Funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, and administered by the Wisconsin Historical Society. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Dept. of Interior or the Wisconsin Historical Society. Nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Dept. of the Interior or the Wisconsin Historical Society. The Historic Preservation Division of the Wisconsin Historical Society receives Federal financial assistance for the identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U.S. Dept. of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or disability or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, of if you desire further information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity National Park Service 1849 C Street NW Washington D.C. 20240 COVER PHOTOS Top Left: Copeland’s Service Station (currently known as Sherman Perk), Milwaukee, built 1939. Photo courtesy of the Mayor’s office, City of Milwaukee. Middle Left: Pottawatomie Lighthouse, Town of Washington, Door County, built 1858. Photo by Tim Sweet, Friends of Rock Island. Bottom Left: Whistler Mound Group, Village of Hancock, Waushara County, constructed Woodland period. Photo by Jerry W. Carlton, Clerk, Village of Hancock. Top Right: How-Beckman Mill, Town of Newark, Rock County, built 1868. Photo by Kevin Johnson, Friends of Beckman Mill Inc. Bottom Right: Stoughton City Hall, Library and Auditorium, Stoughton, Dane County, built 1901. Photo by Art Wendt. Photo by Richard A. Bernstein Barns, southern Dane County A Guide to Smart Growth and Cultural Resource Planning Edited by Richard A. Bernstein Division of Historic Preservation TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . v FOREWORD . vi PART I: PLANNING . 1 Chapter 1: Planning for the Future. 3 Introduction . 3 What is Smart Growth? . 3 What is Sprawl? . 3 What is a Comprehensive Plan? . 5 What are Cultural Resources? . 5 What is Historic Preservation? . 6 Why Preserve? . 6 Why Plan for Cultural Resources? . 6 Integrating Cultural Resources with Other Plan Elements . 7 Getting Started . 7 Chapter 2: The Cultural Resource Plan Development Process . 9 Introduction . 9 Historic Preservation Commission’s Role in Comprehensive Planning . 9 Step-by-Step Guide for Developing the Cultural Resource Plan . 10 Step 1 : Organize the Historic Preservation Team . 10 Step 2 : Visioning . 10 Step 3 : Taking Stock . 10 Step 4 : Setting Goals and Actions . 11 Step 5 : Strategy Formation . 11 Step 6 : Implementation . 11 Step 7 : Evaluation and Updates . 11 Chapter 3: Model Outline for a Cultural Resource Section . 12 Chapter 4: The Cultural Resource Survey . 17 Introduction . 17 What is a Cultural Resource Survey?. 17 What Kind of Cultural Resource Survey is Appropriate? . 17 Funding a Survey . 18 Hiring a Cultural Resource Surveyor. 18 Evaluating Cultural Resources . 19 Archaeological Surveys . 19 PART II: IMPLEMENTATION . 21 Chapter 5: Promotional and Educational Strategies . 23 Introduction . 23 Walking Tours . 23 Workshops . 23 Hands-On Archaeology . 24 Wisconsin’s Historical Markers Program . 24 Establishing a Local Plaque Program. 24 Historic Preservation and Archaeology Week . 25 Wisconsin’s Main Street Program . 25 Design Guidelines . 27 Chapter 6: Legal Strategies . 29 Introduction . 29 State Register and National Register of Historic Places. 29 National Historic Landmarks. 29 Cataloguing Burial Sites . ..