
Feasibility Study of Pumped Storage System for Application in Amhara Region, Ethiopia Mastewal Alemu Tilahun (ID: 850614-A186) Master of Science Thesis 2009 Department of Energy Technology Division of Heat and Power Technology Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden Master of Science Thesis: EGI-2012-015MSC EKV875 Feasibility Study of Pumped Storage System for Application in Amhara Region, Ethiopia Name of the student: Mastewal Alemu Tilahun Approved: Examiner Supervisor Name of the Examiner: Name of the supervisor(s); Prof. Torsten Fransson 1.Babak Rezapoor (KTH) 2.Prof.S.P.Chary Supervisor at Bahir Dar University 3. Mr. Assefa Ayalew Co-Supervisor at Bahir Dar University Commissioner Contact person ABSTRACT In these days environmental issues are critical. Environmental concerns mainly rise from energy productions. Fortunately Ethiopia is trying to use renewable energy sources as a means for electrical power production and it is a great start for a long, tiresome green energy journey. The basic job to be done in green energy sectors is to maximize the capacity of renewable technologies to fulfil the best efficiency. Intermittent nature of the energy production and their inefficiency to meet peak load demands are the basic problems in renewable energy sectors. Ethiopia‟s electrical power production is mainly dependent on hydropower; according to latest data from EEPCO hydro covers 88% of the total production. There are two major nature of this power plant; since the working medium is water it is mainly dependent on the nature of the seasons and secondly it rarely meets peak load demands. After the erection of the power plant the energy production is not time dependent; it can produce power continuously; but the consumption is time dependent which is defined as peak hours and off-peak hours. There is excess load in time of off-peak hours and scarcity in peak hours. So this work can help to maximize the capacity of the water for production by using technological advancements to produce lot of energy in almost full capacity throughout the year to full fill the need of our country. Tana Beles hydropower plant is the largest hydropower plant which starts to work in May, 2010 with an investment cost of $500 million and capacity of 460 MW. The project is planted in Amhara region using the water source of Lake Tana. To make this large and very necessary renewable energy resource sustainable using energy 2 storage system will be vital. This study will figure out a pumped storage system for the hydropower plant for additional power production and for the sustainability of the water resource. Pumped storage system is the only viable, large-scale resource that is being broadly utilized today for storing energy, and it offers the best option available for harnessing off-peak generation from renewable sources. The contributions of pumped storage hydro to our nation‟s transmission grid by providing stability services, storage capacity needs, and expanding the green job market are considerable today. The high energy demand of the pump will be considered to be covered using the excess electrical power production during night or weekends and if the resource is available using wind solar PV hybrid systems. The author will try to assess the technology not only for other mini hydro power plants but also for irrigation and other purposes merely in Amhara region, Ethiopia. The feasibility of the system will be considered technically and economically for the hydropower plant. Keywords: Pumped storage system, Tana Beles hydropower plant, Amhara region, Ethiopia, Benefit of storage system 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT After GOD, I greatly admire and transfer my sincere gratitude to Swedish government and Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, for giving me this fabulous chance. The knowledge I discovered from here awakens me to contribute my share for the world. I really thank you and please continue in your great job! I cannot find words to express my gratefulness to my local facilitator Dr. Solomon T.MARIAM for your strengthen words and great effort for DSEE program. My supervisors; Mr.Babak Rezapoor (KTH), Professor. Samanthapudi Parabrahma Chary (supervisor at Bahir Dar University), Mr. Assefa Ayalew (co-supervisor at Bahir Dar university), I sincerely thank you for your help. This thesis would have remained a dream had it not been for my friends Abeyou Wale, Siraje, Bruk, and Amlaku. When I was in dark because of lack of data, they lightened my way; THANK YOU! At last but not least I was not going to finish this study if my mother, Abundeje Belay, my father, Alemu Tilahun, My brothers and sisters; Hibret, Fantahun, Getenet, Tigist, Temesgen, HiwoteMARIAM, Lenger and my dear friends; Assefa Asmare, Nega Belete were not there. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................ 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................. 5 LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................... 8 LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... 9 NOMENCLATURE ................................................................................................... 10 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 11 1.1 Problem statement .................................................................................... 12 1.2.1 The main objective .................................................................................... 12 1.2.2 The specific objectives ............................................................................. 12 1.2.3 Method of Attack ...................................................................................... 12 1.2.4 Scope ....................................................................................................... 13 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................. 13 2.1 Hydro power plant ..................................................................................... 13 2.1.1 Hydropower Coverage from the World Electricity Sources, 2003 ............ 13 2.1.2 Hydropower Coverage from the World Energy Source: 2008 .................. 14 2.1.3 Hydropower coverage from the world Energy source, 2010 [REN21, 2010] 14 2.2 Energy and Hydropower in Ethiopia ....................................................... 16 2.2.1 Renewable resources in Ethiopia............................................................. 18 2.3 Limitations/ Impacts of hydropower ........................................................ 19 2.4 Need of energy storage to secure systems sustainability .................... 19 2.5 Types and comparisons of energy storage mechanisms...................... 20 2.6 Energy storage methods in Ethiopia ....................................................... 22 3.0 PUMPED STORAGE SYSTEMS ................................................................... 22 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 22 3.2 Elements of pumped storage systems .................................................... 23 3.3 Types of pumped storage systems ......................................................... 24 3.3.1 Pure pumped storage .............................................................................. 24 3.3.2 Pumped-back pumped storage ................................................................ 24 3.3.3 Seasonal pumped storage ....................................................................... 24 3.3.4 According to mode of operation ............................................................... 24 3.3.5 According to design ................................................................................. 24 3.4 Pumped storage systems; past, present, future .................................... 24 3.5 Review of literatures on pumped storage system .................................. 25 5 3.6 Production of energy in pumped storage energy .................................. 27 3.6.1 Generation mode ..................................................................................... 27 3.6.2 Pumping mode: ........................................................................................ 27 3.6.3 Benefits of pumped storage plant ............................................................ 28 3.6.4 Pumped Storage System overall efficiency .............................................. 28 3.6.5 Basic components of pumped storage plant are: ..................................... 28 3.7 Wind- Solar- PV hybrid systems for pumped storage plant ...................... 29 4.0 TANA-BELES HYDROPOWER PLANT ........................................................ 29 4.1 Lake Tana................................................................................................... 31 4.2 Technical specification of the power plant ............................................. 33 5.0 ASSESSED PROBLEMS ON THE HYDRO POWER PLANT ....................... 36 5.1 Available water .......................................................................................... 36 5.2 Lower reservoir ........................................................................................
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