Emmanuil Moraitis Symbiotic Synergies: Adaptive Framework for Polydisciplinary Collaboration in Performance Practice A submission presented in fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Salford for the degree Doctor of Philosophy School of Arts & Media University of Salford, UK May 2019 Table of contents List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ v Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. vi Declaration ............................................................................................................................. vii Abstract ................................................................................................................................. viii Chapter 1 .................................................................................................................................. 1 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 About this research .................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 2 1.1.2 Motivation .......................................................................................................... 3 1.1.3 The relevance of symbiosis ................................................................................ 5 1.2 Thesis outline and research questions ........................................................................ 7 1.3 Research approach ..................................................................................................... 9 1.3.1 Methodology ...................................................................................................... 9 1.3.2 Delimiting the field .......................................................................................... 11 Chapter 2 ................................................................................................................................ 13 2 Key theories .................................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Symbiosis ................................................................................................................. 14 2.1.1 Definition, core traits, & typology ................................................................... 14 2.1.2 Examples of symbiosis .................................................................................... 16 2.1.3 Adaptation & evolutionary trend ..................................................................... 19 2.1.4 Conflict & dynamic hierarchies ....................................................................... 21 2.1.5 Ecological & evolutionary scales ..................................................................... 24 2.1.6 Phenotype & genotype ..................................................................................... 24 2.1.7 Summary .......................................................................................................... 25 2.2 Polydisciplinarity ..................................................................................................... 26 2.2.1 Defining disciplinarity & the emergence of new disciplines ........................... 26 2.2.2 Modes of polydisciplinarity ............................................................................. 28 2.2.3 Polydisciplinarity in creative practice .............................................................. 33 2.2.4 Polydisciplinarity through the lenses of symbiosis .......................................... 38 2.3 Collaboration ............................................................................................................ 40 2.3.1 Defining types of group work .......................................................................... 40 2.3.2 Organisation of collaborative environments .................................................... 46 2.3.3 Modes of collaboration .................................................................................... 51 2.3.4 Collaboration through the lenses of symbiosis ................................................ 54 ii 2.4 Conclusions from key theories ................................................................................. 55 Chapter 3 ................................................................................................................................ 56 3 Adaptive Framework ..................................................................................................... 56 3.1.1 Identifying Elements of Interaction ................................................................. 57 3.1.2 Terminology ..................................................................................................... 58 3.1.3 Interpretation Between Systems ...................................................................... 59 3.2 Symbiotic Framework .............................................................................................. 61 3.3 Case Studies ............................................................................................................. 63 3.3.1 Stratofyzika ...................................................................................................... 63 3.3.2 danceroom Spectroscopy ................................................................................. 64 3.3.3 Marco Donnarumma ........................................................................................ 65 3.4 Summary of framework ........................................................................................... 67 Chapter 4 ................................................................................................................................ 68 4 Process – Collaborative Practice .................................................................................. 68 4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 69 4.2 Symbiosis.................................................................................................................. 71 4.2.1 Symbiosis with Maria Kasapidou ..................................................................... 72 4.2.2 Alpha with Frances Kay and Shona Roberts .................................................... 75 4.2.3 Further iterations of Symbiosis with Kay ......................................................... 79 4.2.4 Mutualism & Merlin with Ana Berkenhoff ..................................................... 89 4.2.5 Kitty with Ali Matthews ................................................................................... 95 4.2.6 Bound and Zero with Shona Roberts ............................................................. 101 4.3 Vi-We-Nous with Teresia Björk ............................................................................. 114 4.4 anti:lepse with Emma Lloyd .................................................................................. 125 Chapter 5 .............................................................................................................................. 136 5 Outcome – Zero ............................................................................................................ 136 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 137 5.2 Symbiotic modes .................................................................................................... 137 5.2.1 Mutualism ...................................................................................................... 137 5.2.2 Commensalism ............................................................................................... 138 5.2.3 Parasitism ....................................................................................................... 139 Chapter 6 .............................................................................................................................. 141 6 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 141 6.1 Research questions revisited .................................................................................. 142 6.2 Stating and evaluating the contributions ................................................................ 144 6.3 Limitations and future directions ........................................................................... 145 6.4 Final thoughts: a warning from the past, and a way forward ................................. 147 iii References ............................................................................................................................. 150 Appendix I – media files .................................................................................................... 150 Appendix II ........................................................................................................................ 150 Bibliography .....................................................................................................................