+91-9246365622 Vidyarthi - Bharat Ki Shakti N. Kalyana Chakravarthy Andhra Pradesh Geography www.OnlineIAS.com 1 Geography of Andhra Pradesh [email protected] www.OnlineIAS.com 1 +91-9246365622 Vidyarthi - Bharat Ki Shakti N. Kalyana Chakravarthy Geography of Andhra Pradesh Contents Sl. No TOPIC PAGE # 1 Formation of Andhra Pradesh 3 2 Physiography 8 3 Climate 14 4 Soils 16 5 Forests 17 6 Wildlife Conservation 22 7 Rivers 24 8 Irrigation 30 9 Agriculture 36 10 Industries 42 11 Mineral Resources 52 12 Power 54 13 Transport 59 14 Tourism 70 15 Population 72 www.OnlineIAS.com 2 Geography of Andhra Pradesh [email protected] www.OnlineIAS.com 2 +91-9246365622 Vidyarthi - Bharat Ki Shakti N. Kalyana Chakravarthy Geography of Andhra Pradesh Geographic, Demographic and Socio Economic profile of Andhra Pradesh With a geographical area of 1,62,970 sq km, Andhra Pradesh ranks as the 8th largest State in the country. Situed in a tropical region, the state has the 2nd longest coastline in the country with a length of 974 km. As per the forest records, the state ranks 9th in India having forest cover area of 36909.38 Sq. Kms which accounts to 23.04% of the total geographical area. Andhra Pradesh is the tenth largest state in the Country, in terms of population. As per 2011 Census, the State accounts for 4.10% of the total population of the country. The decadal growth of population rose from 18.88% during 1961-71 to 21.13% during 1981-91. Subsequently a significant decline was observed in the re of growth of population and decline is even more prominent 9.21% during 2001-11, lower than the All-India’s growth re of 17.70 percent. • Bounded by Chhtisgarh and Orissa in the north, the Bay of Bengal in the east, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka in the south and Maharashtra in the west. www.OnlineIAS.com • Indian Standard Meridian of India which is 82°30′ East longitude passes through Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chtisgarh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. Formation of Andhra Pradesh • Andhra state was formed on Oct 1st, 1953 with Kurnool as capital by unifying the Telugu districts th were separed from unified Madras state, as a result of fast-unto-deh by Sri Potti Sriramulu • Due to state recognition under linguistic grounds, Telangana region of Hyderabad state was merged with Andhra region and formed Andhra Pradesh on Nov 1st, 1956 • AP was the 1st state in India th was formed under linguistic grounds 3 Geography of Andhra Pradesh [email protected] www.OnlineIAS.com 3 +91-9246365622 Vidyarthi - Bharat Ki Shakti N. Kalyana Chakravarthy • Ler in 1960 due to Paskar Commission’s decision large part of Tiruttani Taluka of Chittor district was given to Tamil Nadu and some villages of Tiruvallur Taluka of Tamil Nadu were added to Andhra Pradesh • Telangana became 29th state of India with Hyderabad as its capitl on June 2,2014 • Andhra Pradesh is composed of two regions: Coastal Andhra, located along the Bay of Bengal, and Rayalaseema, in the inland southWestern part of the state. • These two regions comprise 13 districts, with 9 in Coastal Andhra and 4 in Rayalaseema. • There were only 20 districts when AP was formed (Nov 1st, 1956). Ler Praksham district on Feb 2, 1970, Rangareddy district on Aug 12, 1978 and Vizayanagaram district on June 1, 1979 were formed . Total : 23 districts (before bifurcion of AP) Key points: • Andhra Pradesh is 'Sunrise'www.OnlineIAS.com state on the lines of Kerala to tract the industry and investments into various fields. • Capital – Amaravhi (The People’s Capital) • Amaravhi foundion ceremony – Oct 22nd, 2015 Uddandarayunipalem village in Guntur district • Total area of the Andhra Pradesh capital region has been increased to 8352.69 sq.km from the existing 7068.20 sq. km. • Capital City Area – 375 sq.km 4 Geography of Andhra Pradesh [email protected] www.OnlineIAS.com 4 +91-9246365622 Vidyarthi - Bharat Ki Shakti N. Kalyana Chakravarthy Area: • the time of Formation - 160,205 km2 • Andhra Pradesh is the 8th largest state in the country in terms of geographical area with 162,760 sq km (after merging 7 mandals of Khammam District in AP) As per Andhra Pradesh Reorganizion Act-2014, 7 polavararri flooding Mandals (327 villages) of Khammam district from Telangana State were transfered to residual Andhrapradesh state on 17th July, 2014. 4 Mandals out of these 7 were merged in the district of East godavari of Residual Andhra Pradesh. i.e., 1. Chinthanur 2. Kunavaram 3. Vara Rama Chandra Puram 4. Bhadrachalam (Partially Merged) The other 3 Mandals which merged in the district of West Godavari were 1. Velerupadu 2. Kukunoor 3. Burgampadu (Partially Merged) www.OnlineIAS.com • Coastal Andhra – 95.47 thousand sq.km • Rayalaseema – 67.29 thousand sq.km • Andhra Pradesh shares 4.96 % of Indian territory • Largest district – Ananthpur 19,130 sq.km Area – 4.96% • Smallest district – 5 Geography of Andhra Pradesh [email protected] www.OnlineIAS.com 5 +91-9246365622 Vidyarthi - Bharat Ki Shakti N. Kalyana Chakravarthy Population (2011 Census) • AP Population – 4,95,77,103 • Male – 248 lakhs • Female – 247 lakhs • 4.10% of total population in India • Rank – 10th (in terms of population) • Growth in Population (2001-2011) – 9.21% Density of Population • AP – 304 persons per sq.km • India – 368 persons per sq.km Forests The state ranks 9th in India having forest cover area of 36909.38 Sq. Kms which accounts to 23.04% of the total geographical area. Andhra Pradesh State - Symbols Animal - Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) Tree – Neem Flower – wer lilies Fruit – mango Bird – Indian Roller Emblem – Purnakumbham Aquic animal – Dolphin Sport – kabaddi Dance – Kuchipudi Language – Telugu ➢ Telugu Language Day (Telugu Bhasha Dinotsavam or "day of the Telugu tongue") is celebred on 29 August each year in Andhra Pradesh, India. ➢ This de was chosen to coincide with the birthday of the Telugu poet Gidugu Venka Ramamurthy. Shankarambadi Sundarachari gave the state anthem (1975) “ Maa Telugu Talliki, Malleypu Danda” www.OnlineIAS.com Akashavani Bhavan V Coastal Andhra • 9 districts • Srikakulam – Vizayanagaram – East Godavari – West Godavari – Krishna – Guntur – Prakasam – Nellore • Area – 95,470 sq.km • Contributes major portion in terms of food production and commercial crops • Rice Bowl of AP - East Godavari • Agriculturally well developed region • Highest concentrion of population 6 Geography of Andhra Pradesh [email protected] www.OnlineIAS.com 6 +91-9246365622 Vidyarthi - Bharat Ki Shakti N. Kalyana Chakravarthy Rayalaseema • 4 districts • Chittoor – Cuddapah – Kurnool – Anantpur • Area – 67,291 sq.km • Density of population - very less due to droughts and famines Coast Lines • Total coast line – 974 km • Longest coast line – • Shortest coast line – Borders of Districts Name of the District Borders Srikakulam (shares border with Only 1 district) Vizayanagaram Vizayanagaram (2 districts) Srikakulam and Vishakhapatnam Vishakhapatnam (2 districts) Vizayanagaram and East Godavari East Godavari (2 districts) West Godavari and Krishna Krishna (2 districts) West Godavari and Guntur Guntur (2 districts) Prakasam and Krishna SPS Nellore (3 districts) Prakasam, Cuddapah and Chittoor Chittoor(3 districts) Cuddapah, Anantapur and Nellore Anantapur (3 districts) Kurnool, Cuddapah and Chittoor Kadapa (5 districts) Prakasam-Nellore-Chittoor-Kurnool-Anantapur Kurnool (3 districts) Cuddapah, Anantapur and Prakasam www.OnlineIAS.com 7 Geography of Andhra Pradesh [email protected] www.OnlineIAS.com 7 +91-9246365622 Vidyarthi - Bharat Ki Shakti N. Kalyana Chakravarthy Physiography Physiography tells about the land systems formed in those rocks and the surface formed due to the internally, and externally caused forces. Th means, physiography is th which tells about the lands surface form present time. Andhra Pradesh, consists of the various land sys-tem constructions, from the very ancient Dharwar system to very recent pleistocene system. Andhra Pradesh can be divided into three natural regions, they are pleau, hilly region and plains. 1. Western Pleau 2. Hilly region 3. Coastal Plains www.OnlineIAS.com 8 Geography of Andhra Pradesh [email protected] www.OnlineIAS.com 8 +91-9246365622 Vidyarthi - Bharat Ki Shakti N. Kalyana Chakravarthy Coastal Plains www.OnlineIAS.com • Stretches from Eastatern Ghats to Bay of Bengal • Covers 9 districts • Extends from Srikakulam to Nellore District • Geographical locion of plains extends from Srikakulam and Southern Pulicat lake the height of 150m against the sea level • Most of the plains are very fertile - formed by Krishna and Godavari • Coastal plains are narrow in the Northern and Southern Districts to a width of 60 km • Some of the Eastatern Ghats in the form of sea nacks penetred into sea where it extends over a length of about 950 kms from Mahendragiri in the north to Pulicat lake in the south • Kolleru lake spreads in an area of 250 sq.km over Krishna and West Godavari Dts 9 Geography of Andhra Pradesh [email protected] www.OnlineIAS.com 9 +91-9246365622 Vidyarthi - Bharat Ki Shakti N. Kalyana Chakravarthy • Godavari delta is known as “Konaseema” • Width of central delta is 150 kms • Vishakhapatnam land slides - Yarada hills on the sea coast apread over Vishakhapatnam is giving natural protection to Vishakhapatnam port (located in the Nothern Coastal Plain) - This place is also known as Dolphin Nose • Penna river formed a small delta area in Nellore Dist Southern Coastal Pla a length of about 250 kms • Pulicat lake (salt wer lake )is formed the merging point of Penna river