Subject Index A – – complete 411 Abcarian, Herand 445 ––etiology 411 abdominal – – partial 411 – aortic aneuryms (AAA) 19, 46, 329 – – prevention 412 – aortic emergency 329 – – treatment 412 – – incision 331 – X-ray 21, 28, 33 – – infra-renal aortic control 332 abnormal – – operation 331 – gas pattern 33 – – preparation 331 – opacity 37 – – proximal control 332 abscess – – subdiaphragmatic aortic control 332 – complex form 382 – apoplexy 19, 88 – intra-abdominal 101, 211, 377 – bleeding – – conservative treatment 381 – – life-threatening 436 – perianal 258, 261 – closure 334, 337, 340 achalasia 113 – – high risk 340 acidosis – compartment syndrome 155, 319, 321 – lactic 56 – contamination 96, 97 – metabolic 56 – CT 372 acquired biliary strictures 173 – – reviewing 42 active bleeding 87 – decompression 326 acute – emergency – abdomen 10, 17 – – non-traumatic 441 – abdominal pain – exploration 87 – – in the fertile woman 276 – imaging 33 – anal fissure 263 – pain 19, 292 – appendicitis 21, 29, 44, 68, 210, 230, 245, – re-entry 85 281, 285, 293, – sepsis 96 – cholangitis 173 – trauma 9 – cholecystitis 21, 29, 163, 236, 281, 295 – – laparoscopy 442 – colitis 208 – ultrasound (US) 28 – diverticulitis 21, 229 – wall 53 – gastric mucosal lesion 125 ––defect 390 – gastroenteritis 37 ––hernia 191 – incarcerated full-thickness rectal – wall dehiscence 411 prolapse 261 458 Subject Index acute apoplexy 88 – mesenteric ischemia 19, 30, 197 appendectomy 250 – pancreatitis 19, 27, 95, 144, 175 appendiceal – perianal hematomy 263 – abscess 252 adhesion 179, 370 – mass 252 – post-operative 13 –phlegmon21 adjunctive appendicitis 11, 284 – diagnostic test 306 – acute 21, 29, 44, 68, 210, 230, 245, 281, – imaging 299 285, 293 – vascular procedures 202 – – abdominal imaging 247 adnexal pathology 251 – – laparoscopic approach 250 AIDS 22, 291 – – open approach 250 albumin 31 – – technical points 250 anal –perforated 20 – canal injuries 257 appendicular fecaliths 37 – fissure 2612, 263 Arderne, John 264 anastomosis 220, 233 arterial blood gas 56 – colocolic 220 ascites 40 – colonic 107 aspiration 59 – colorectal 220, 227 associated – testing 106 – jaundice 164 anastomotic – lesion 113 – leak 387, 408 atelectasis 348 – – non-operative management 388 autopsy – – operative management 388 – in vivo 95 – obstruction 373, 375 – under anaesthesia (AUA) 75 – technique 104 angiodysplasia 240 anorectal emergency 255 B antibiotics 105, 150, 176, 184, 249, 381, Bacteroides fragilis 69 405, 428 balloon control 333 – acute cholecystitis 171 Balzac, Honore de 8 – duration of postoperative administration barium 30 364 base excess 56 – minimal administration 364 Battle, William 13 – postoperative use 363 Baue, Arthur E. 420 – pre-operative use 67 BcBurney, Charles 249 – prophylaxis 67, 219 Belloste, A. 297 – therapeutic 67 Bernays, Augustus Charles 196 anti-Helicobacter pylori 144 best management 3 anti-reflux procedure 124 bezoar 22 antrectomy 135 bile duct 50, 170 aorta 315 biliary colic 163 aortic Billroth I – occlusion 336 – gastroduodenostomy 135 – replacement 333 – partial gastrectomy 136 – thrombosis 335 Billroth, Theodor 75 APACHE II 88, 154 bladder 79, 315 Subject Index 459 Blaisdel, F. William 304 celiac artery 316 Blalock, Alfred 60 cellular hypoxia 56 bleeding 270 central – duodenal ulcer 240 – venous catheter 61 – postoperative 240, 431 – venous pressure (CVP) 61 – sources 239 Chalmers Da Costa, J. 27 – varices 140 Charcot, Jean Martin 174 blood Charcot’s triad 174 – intraperitoneal 88 checklist 78 –product 62 – pre-operative 77 –test 31 Cheselden, William 10 blood–brain barrier 90 chest X-ray 27 blood–product transfusion 251 Child, Charles Gardner III 139 blunt 119 Child-Pugh classification 139 – abdominal trauma 29, 44, 305 cholangitis 31 – trauma 68, 444 – acute 173 Boerhaave, Herman 111, 116 – ascending 156 Boerhaave’s syndrome 28 cholecystectomy Borchardt, Moritz 121 – delayed 164, 165 Border, John 420 – early 165 bowel – open tube 171 – edema 107 – percutaneous, transhepatic 171 –irrigation – subtotal (partial) 168, 171 – – on-table 221 – with common bile duct exploration 176 Bryant, Thomas 13 cholecystitis 31, 50, 295 Burke, Edmund 161 – acalculous 170 – acute 21, 29, 163 – – antibiotics 171 C – – in cirrhotic patients 167 Candida species 153 – – non-operative management 164 capillary refill 60 – – surgical management 165 captain of the ship 24 – acute calculous 163 carcinomatosis 188 cholecysto-enteric fistula 34 cardiac cholecystostomy 169 – index 62 choledocholithiasis 169 –output62 cholelithiasis 154 care continuity 24 chronic CARS (compensatory anti-inflammatory – abdominal compartment syndrome 280 syndrome) 6, 417 – duodenal ulcer 125 Catell-Braasch maneuver 92 – gastric ulcer 130 catheter drainage 383 – megacolon 22 CD4+ count 291 – steroid intake 107 cecal Churchill, Winston 5, 455 – carcinoma 187 cirrhosis 138 – diverticulitis 236 clinical pattern 19 – lesion 224 Clostridium difficile cecopexy 228 – colitis 211, 367 cecostomy 224 – enterocolitis 27 460 Subject Index colectomy control continuing exploration 87 – subtotal 219–221 Cooper, Astley Paston 44, 265 – total abdominal 221 Cope, Zachary 17, 33, 99, 225, 228 colitis 46, 205 Crohn’ s disease 51, 187, 205 – acute – emergency surgery 209 – – operation 208 crystalloids 60 – complications 207 culdocentesis 276 –severe34 Cullen, William 11 Collis gastroplasty 113 Curtis-Fitz-Hugh syndrome 279 colloids 60 cytomegalovirus 294 colon 314 Czerny, Vincent 12 – obstruction 22 – perforation 34 colonic D – anastomosis 107 damage control 97 – obstruction 37, 217 decompression 219 – – preoperative diagnosis 217 decubitus ulcer 348 – pandiverticulosis 236, 240 deep vein thrombosis (DVT) 79, 348 – pseudoobstruction 22, 223 diabetic ketoacidosis 22 colonoscopic decompression 227 diagnostic colonoscopy 218, 223 – body 32 – complications 270 – peritoneal lavage 29, 306, 307 colorectal anastomosis 227 diaphragm 300, 311 colostomy 221, 222, 260 – free air 27 – decompressive 221 –procedures27 – double-barreled 12 – rupture 119 – transverse 12 diaphragmatic common – emergency 119 – bile duct stones 173 –hernia – iliac artery 316 – – acquired 120 compartment – – congenital 119 – infracolic 91 ––left 120 – supracolic 91 diathermy 85 –syndrome 79 Dieulafoy’s lesion 137 compensatory anti-inflammatory diverticulitis 46, 53, 240 syndrome (CARS) 6 – acute 229 computed tomography 40, 184, 199, 306, – – approach 230 307 – – clinical features 230 – contrast-enhanced dynamic 154 – – conservative treatment 231 – interpretation of the scan 41 – – controversies 236 – methodology 41 – – diagnosis 230 Condon, Robert E. 161 – – newer concepts 235 conservative treatment 131 – – operation 232 contamination 91, 95 – – severe attack 232 – abdominal 96 – – surgical pathology 229 contrast – complicated 231 – enema 218 – – approach 232 –study30 – phlegmonous 231 Subject Index 461 diverticulitis-sigmoiditis 220 – spontaneous perforation 28 documentation 74 – varices 125, 138 drain 98, 349, 384, 400 ethical problem solving 73 drainage 381 ethics 71 – percutaneous 382 evidence 7 duodenal ulcer 134 evidence-based surgery 452 – postbulbar 135 exploration 87 duodenotomy 134 exploratory laparotomy 155, 384 duodenum 314 external bowel fistula 85 – perforation 34 extraperitoneal rectum injuries 256 extreme fracture 317 E ectopic pregnancy 19, 276, 277 F edematous bowel 105 Fabian, Timothy 313 electrolyte 182 falciform ligament 86 – imbalance 56 family 71, 73 elevated white cell count 31 – difficult family 73 Eliot, T.S. 431 FAST (focused abdominal sonography emergency for trauma) 29 – cholecystectomy 165 fecal fistula 9 – during pregnancy 280 fecology 234 – endoscopy 130 feculent vomiting 180 – re-laparatomy 389 femoral hernia 22, 194 Emerson, Ralph Waldo 417 financial morbidity 453 endometrioma 276 Fine, Pierre 12 endoscopic fistula 387 – management 130 – external bowel 85 – retrograde cholangiopancreatography – non-operative 388 (ERCP) 176 – operative management 388 – – preoperative 176 – type IV-A 391 – – with common duct clearance – type IV-B 391 176 Fitz, Reginald 11 – sphincterotomy 156 fluconazole 155 – stenting 224 fluid 182 endoscopy focused abdominal sonography for trauma – emergency 133 (FAST) 306, 307 – intra-operative 133 foreign body ingestion 109 endotoxin 68 Fournier’s gangrene 259 endotracheal intubation 59 free fluid 44 enteral nutrition 357 enterotomy 85 epigastric vessel 86 G EPSO following laparoscopy 374 gallbladder 50 Escherichia coli 69 gallstone 37 esophageal – ileus 22, 34, 189 – emergency 109 gas within the bowel 37 – perforation 111, 266 gastrectomy 124 462 Subject Index gastric – pancreatitis 89 – emptying 375 – recurrent 132 – mucosal lesion 125 – re-laparatomy 436 – outlet obstruction 31 – spleen 89 – ulcer 125, 136 – spontaneous intra-abdominal 89 – – riding variant 136 – trauma 89 – volvulus 121 – upper gastrointestinal 125 gastroduodenostomy 135 – vascular 89 gastroenteritis 37 hemostasis 85 gastroenterostomy, posterior 135 heparin 334 gastroesophageal reflux 113 hepatic ligament 86 gastrografin 31, 183 hepatobiliary radio-isotope 170 – challenge 371 hernia 179 gastropexy 124 – acute groin 191 gastrostomy 357 – diaphragmatic 119, 120 George II 10 – femoral 194 Gilas, Tom 455 – femoral 2 gimmicks 390 – inguinal 193 gunshot wound 297, 444 – irreducible inguinal 288 – to the abdomen 300 – of the abdominal wall 191 gynecological emergency 275 – paraesophageal 120 – strangulated 10 Heusner, Ludwig 13 H highly selective vagotomy 135 H2 antagonist 125 Hippokrates 10, 355 Halsted, William Stewart 385, 437