1/31/15 Program, Applica=on CS 240 in one sentence: Programming Language How does a computer run a program? Welcome to Compiler/Interpreter CS 240: Operang System Intro to Computer Instruc=on Set Architecture Microarchitecture Systems Digital Logic Devices (transistors, etc.) ? Solid-State Physics circuitboard image: CC-BY-NC-SA ifixit.com CS 240 first day • Welcome • CS 240 team, logisFcs, policies • Assignment 0 hMp://cs.wellesley.edu/~cs240/ • Course overview • Lab!!! Everything is here. Please read it. CS 240 in one sentence: Assignment 0, “due” Friday by 5pm. How does a computer run a program? (required, but not graded) Visit Ben’s office hours (or by appointment) by the end of this week to chat for a couple minutes about: 1. How to pronounce your name (if you think I’ll get it wrong). 2. What CS courses you have taken before. 3. What about CS 240 excites or concerns you. 4. Something about yourself that is not about CS 240. ? circuitboard image: CC-BY-NC-SA ifixit.com 1 1/31/15 Program, Applica=on CS 111 The Hardware/Soware Interface Programming Language and Computer Organizaon • What is hardware? SoXware? Soware • What is an interface? CS 240 Part 1: Hardware/SoXware Interface • Why do we need a hardware/soXware interface? • Why do we need to understand the hardware implementaon of this interface? Devices (transistors, etc.) Hardware HW/SW Interface Solid-State Physics 10 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), Jean Jennings BarFk and Frances Bilas Spence with part of ENIAC. First Turing-complete all-electronic programmable digital computer. The programmers of ENIAC were six women. University of Pennsylvania, 1940s hMp://eniacprogrammers.org/, hMp://sites.temple.edu/topsecretrosies/ Image: public domain Image: public domain 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Manchester “Baby” SSEM (Small-Scale Experimental Machine), replica first stored-program computer -- University of Manchester (UK), 1948 Programming 1940s-style with switches and cables. Image: "SSEM Manchester museum close up" by Parrot of Doom - Own work. Licensed under Creave Commons AMribuFon-Share Alike 3.0 via Image: public domain Wikimedia Commons - hMp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SSEM_Manchester_museum_close_up.jpg 2 1/31/15 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Machine Code Assemblers and Assembly Languages (adds two registers and stores the result in a third) (adds two registers and stores the result in a third) 00000010100010101100100000010000 addl %eax, %ecx 00000010100010101100100000010000 Architecture specification Assembly language specification machine machine assembly code Hardware Assembler code Hardware program program program 15 16 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Higher-Level Programming Languages More and more layers… x = y + z (adds two registers and stores the result in a third) • Operang systems • Virtual machines addl %eax, %ecx 00000010100010101100100000010000 • Hypervisors • Web browsers Language specification • … Compile me Run Fme high-level machine assembly language Compiler Assembler code Hardware program program program 18 17 CS 111 Program, Applica=on Programming Language Compiler/Interpreter Soware Operang System CS 240 Instruc=on Set Architecture Microarchitecture Digital Logic Devices (transistors, etc.) Hardware Solid-State Physics 3 .