Contents UNIT Can do Grammar Vocabulary Speaking and Pronunciation Listening and Reading Do you know…? p 8 1 1.1 Are you a culture vulture? Discuss likes and dislikes Likes and dislikes Going out Sentence stress R What do you like doing at the weekend? 24 hours 1.2 Monday to Friday Talk about how often you do things Present Simple; adverbs of frequency Describing your day and lifestyle do/does L Valentino Rossi – motorcycle champion How to… respond to information p 9–18 1.3 At the same time Talk about what you’re doing now and Present Continuous: now and around Time phrases R Online chatting around now now Communication p 16 Describe your learning needs How to… talk about your learning needs Reference p 17, Review and Practice p 18 Writing bank p 73 Write about yourself and your interests How to… join ideas and sentences (1) 2 2.1 Music for 007 Describe personal events in the past Past Simple Music How to… refer to past times L Music in James Bond films Music 2.2 Barefoot music Talk about personal achievements and Present Perfect Simple: experience Achievements have/has R Shakira – pop star and business woman experiences p 19–28 2.3 The Mozart effect Ask different types of questions Questions Intonation in questions R The Mozart effect L Music Communication p 26 Explain why you like a piece of music Reference p 27, Review and Practice p 28 Writing bank p 74 Write a short biography about someone’s life How to… plan your writing 3.1 Jamie’s kitchen Tell a friend about your future plans be going to: future plans How to… talk about future plans R Cook your way to a better life! 3 Connected speech (1) Taste 3.2 Let’s celebrate! Make arrangements with a friend Present Continuous: future Describing food How to… make arrangements L Thanksgiving in the US arrangements p 29–38 3.3 Ratatouille Define and describe thingsUNIT to explain what Defining relative clauses Easily-confused words Silent letters R Ratatouille you mean Communication p 36 Contribute to a simple discussion Reference p 37, Review and Practice p 38 Writing bank p 75 Write a note or message to a friend How to… use short forms in notes and messages 4 4.1 Going to extremes Compare people Comparative adjectives Describing people Emphasising important words R Going up and Going down Survival 4.2 Survival school Talk about challenging events and activities Superlative adjectives Survival skills L Survival school p 39–48 4.3 Surviving in English Ask questions in everyday situations Indirect questions How to… be polite in English R One language – three cultures Intonation in indirect questions Communication p 46 Agree on choices with other people Reference p 47, Review and Practice p 48 Writing bankSAMPLE p 76 Write a ‘thank you’ email How to… structure a 'thank you' email 5.1 Turning eighteen Exchange opinions with a friend should, have to, can: obligation and How to… exchange opinions R Life at eighteen 5 permission Connected speech (2) L The age to do things Stages 5.2 Old friends Talk about friends Present Perfect Simple: for and since Friendship L Different types of friends p 49–58 5.3 The truth about ageing Describe yourself when you were younger used to: past habits Habits R How long am I going to live? Communication p 56 Tell someone’s life story Reference p 57, Review and Practice p 58 Writing bank p 77 Complete a simple form How to… understand the language on forms 6 6.1 A Greek island Make general predictions about the future will, may, might: prediction Geographical features Contractions: will L Mamma Mia! island Places 6.2 Mandela’s garden Describe a favourite place Countable and uncountable nouns Describing a place Diphthongs R Garden of freedom – my favourite place p 59–68 6.3 Virtual world Give reasons for choices too, too much/many, (not) enough Urban environment How to… talk about choices and give reasons L SimCity Communication p 66 Explain your preferences Reference p 67, Review and Practice p 68 Writing bank p 78 Write a description of a favourite place How to… use a range of introductory phrases Communication activities p 69–71 Writing bank p 73–78 Pronunciation bank p 79–80 Irregular verb table p 72 Audioscripts p 81–86 A04_TENE_CB_ELEGLB_5800_CON.indd 4 15/02/2011 12:24 Pronunciation bank English phonemes Consonants p b t d k g tʃ dᴣ park bath tie die cat give church judge f v θ ð s z ʃ ᴣ few visit throw they sell zoo fresh measure h m n ŋ l r j w hot mine not sing lot road yellow warm Vowels and diphthongs iː ɪ e æ ɑː ɒ ɔː ʊ uː ʌ feet fit bed bad bath bottle bought book boot but ɜː ə eɪ əʊ aɪ aʊ ɔɪ ɪə eə ʊə bird brother grey gold by brown boy here hair tour Sound–spelling correspondences Silent letters Sound Spelling Examples Sound Spelling Examples Some words in English have silent letters which are not pronounced. /ɪ/ i this listen /ɔː/ or short sport y gym typical ou your bought Some common silent letters are: ui build guitar au daughter taught e pretty al small always Silent Examples Pronunciation aw draw jigsaw letter ee green sleep /iː/ ar warden warm b thumb ie niece believe oo floor indoor /θʌm/ ea read teacher debt /det/ e these complete i like time /aɪ/ g design /dɪˈzaɪn/ ey key money y dry cycle UNITforeign ei receipt receive ie fries tie /ˈfɒrɪn/ i police igh light high h honest /ˈɒnɪst/ ei height white /waɪt/ /æ/ a can pasta ey eyes uy buy k knee /niː/ /ɑː/ a can’t dance* know /nəʊ/ ar scarf bargain /eɪ/ a lake hate al half ai wait train l talk /tɔːk/ au aunt laugh ay play say would /wʊd/ ea heart ey they grey p cupboard /ˈkʌbəd/ ei eight weight psychology /ʌ/ u fun husband ea break /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/ o some mother t listen /ˈlɪsən/ ou cousin double /əʊ/ o home open castle ow show own /ˈkɑːsəl/ /ɒ/ o hot pocket oa coat road w write /raɪt/ a watch want ol cold told who /huː/ * In American English the sound in wordsSAMPLE like can’t and dance is the shorter /æ/ sound, like can and man. Weak forms Word Strong form Weak form Examples of weak forms in sentences a, an /æ/, /æn/ /ə/, /ən/ I’ve got a new car. Did you bring an umbrella? at /æt/ /ət/ Let’s meet at six o’clock. and /ænd/ /ən/ I’d like a burger and fries. are /ɑː/ /ə/ (or /ər/ before vowels) What are your phone numbers? been /biːn/ /bɪn/ I’ve been to San Francisco. can /kæn/ /kən/ She can sing very well. do /duː/ /də/ Do you like skiing? does /dʌz/ /dəz/ Does she work hard? has /hæz/ /həz/, /əz/ Has he left? Where has she been? have /hæv/ /həv/, /əv/ Have you seen the film? What have you got? than /ðæn/ /ðən/ She’s taller than Juan. them /ðem/ /ðəm/ Let’s take them to the cinema. to /tuː/ /tə/ (before consonants) I want to go home now. was /wɒz/ /wəz/ He was an architect. 79 M10_TENE_CB_PINGLB_5800_U10.indd 79 15/02/2011 14:24 Pronunciation bank Weak and strong forms Contractions do/does (Lesson 1.2); have/has (Lesson 2.2); will (Lesson 6.1) was/were (Lesson 8.3) When we speak, we often make contractions with Auxiliary verbs like do/does, have/has and was/were subject + will in affirmative sentences (but not in can be pronounced in two different ways. We usually negative sentences, questions or short answers). use weak pronunciation in affirmative sentences and Will it be sunny tomorrow? No, I think it’ll rain. questions and strong pronunciation in short answers. /wɪl//ɪt/ /ɪtəl/ She was watching TV when I arrived. /wəz/ Intonation Were they all watching TV? Yes, they were. Questions (Lesson 2.3) /wə/ /wɜː/ There are two intonation patterns for direct questions. Stress Our voice usually goes up at the end of Yes/No questions. Sentence stress (Lesson 1.1) Are you from Australia? Our voice usually goes down at the end of Wh- questions. When we speak, we stress ‘content’ words like nouns and main verbs, which give us important information. Where are you from? ‘Non-content’ words (e.g. pronouns, auxiliary verbs, articles) are often unstressed. Indirect questions (Lesson 4.3) When we arrived at the station, the train was leaving. We use polite intonation with indirect questions. Our voice starts high, then falls a lot and rises a little at the Emphasising important words (Lesson 4.1) end. We can put extra stress on certain words which we Could you tell me where the post office is please? want the listener to focus on. My sister is much taller than me. (We want to Conditional sentences (Lesson 7.1) emphasise the big difference.) UNIT In conditional sentences, our voice goes up at the end of the first clause and down at the end of the sentence. Emphasising details (Lesson 12.3) I went to an Italian restaurant last night … an expensive If you work hard, you’ll pass your exam. Italian restaurant. (The new, important information is Showing interest (Lesson 10.1) that the restaurant was expensive.) We vary our intonation to show interest in what Schwa on unstressed syllables (Lesson 7.2) someone is saying. Our intonation is flat when we are Unstressed syllables are often pronounced with a less interested.