AN ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF GOVERNANCE ON EFFECTIVE PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT – A CASE OF NAMIBIA MASS HOUSING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT – A CASE OF NAMIBIA MASS HOUSING DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME By MARTHA WILHELM Town A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of Development Policy and Practice (GSDPP) in partial fulfilment of the requirementsCape for the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY (DEVELOPMENT POLICY & PRACTICE) February 2018 Supervised by Professor Rajen Govender and Dr Laurine Platzky University of Cape Town University Cape Town, South Africa University i The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University DECLARATION I, Ms. Martha Wilhelm, declare that the present work “An Analysis of the Role of Governance on Effective Programme Management, a case of Namibia Mass Housing Development Programme” carried out under the guidance of Professor Rajen Govender is my original work and has not been submitted in any other institution for any degree. I empower the university to reproduce for research either the whole or any portion of the contents in any manner whatsoever. Date: February 2018 Signature: Place: Windhoek ii RETENTION AND USE OF THESIS I, Martha Wilhelm, a candidate for the degree of the Master of Philosophy in Development Policy and Practice accept the requirements of the University of Cape Town relating to the retention and use of this Master thesis deposited in the library. In terms of these conditions, I agree that the original of my thesis deposited in the library will be accessible for purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan or reproduction of thesis. Place: Windhoek Signature: Date: February 2018 iii DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis work to my late Grandmother, Mukwanayuma S.P Heelu, for instilling in me, the value of education and hard work. To my late partner, Ananias M. Shigwedha, for believing in me and my potential. The two remain my greatest source of strength and motivation. I also dedicate this work to my beautiful kids, Anna and Pandeni. May this work motivate you to do greatness. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My gratitude goes to my research supervisors Professor Rajen Govender and Dr Laurine Platzky for their guidance and support throughout this research process. I would further like to thank the entire teaching staff and administration of the Graduate School of Development Policy and Practice for their wonderful support. A special acknowledgement goes to the informants who agreed to participate in this research project despite the sensitivity around the subject matter. And lastly, I would like to thank my fellow students, the MPhil Class of 2017, for the comradery spirit and sisterly/brotherly support throughout this journey. Martha Wilhelm February 2018 v TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................... DECLARATION ................................................................................................................................................................... ii RETENTION AND USE OF THESIS .................................................................................................. iii DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................................ iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................ viii ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................. x CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Country Context ......................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Socio-Economic Development ......................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 National Efforts in Addressing Some Socio-Economic Challenges ............................. 3 1.2 Problem Statement .................................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Research Question ................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Delimitation or Scope of the study ......................................................................................... 7 1.5 Assumptions ............................................................................................................................. 8 1.6 Significance of the Study ......................................................................................................... 8 1.7 Outline of the Thesis Paper ..................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................................................... 10 2. UNDERSTANDING THE HOUSING SITUATION IN NAMIBIA ......................................... 10 2.1 A National Housing Crisis ..................................................................................................... 10 2.2 The Impact of the Current Housing Situation .................................................................... 14 2.3 Namibia’s Housing Legislative, Policy, and Regulatory Frameworks .............................. 15 2.4 Namibia Housing Institutions: Roles and Responsibilities ................................................ 16 2.4.2 The City of Windhoek ..................................................................................................... 17 2.4.3 The National Housing Enterprise (NHE) ...................................................................... 17 2.4.4 The Shack Dwellers’ Federation of Namibia (SDFN) .................................................. 18 2.4.5 The Housing Financing Institutions .............................................................................. 18 2.5 The Namibian Government’s Initiatives on Housing Provision ........................................ 18 CHAPTER 3 ........................................................................................................................................... 23 vi 3. UNDERSTANDING HOUSING PROVISION IN AFRICA WITHIN PUBLIC POLICY IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES FRAMEWORK .................................................................. 23 3.2 Understanding Governance, leadership, Accountability, and their Roles in Effective Public Programme Management ...................................................................................................... 25 3.2.1 Leadership ...................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.2 Governance ..................................................................................................................... 26 3.2.3 Programme Management.............................................................................................. 29 3.3 Enhancing Housing Programmes Performance and Service Delivery ............................. 31 3.4 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 32 CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................................................................... 33 4. RESEARCH DESIGN, APPROACH, AND METHODOLOGY .............................................. 33 4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 33 4.3.1 Target Population .......................................................................................................... 34 4.3.3 Sample Size ..................................................................................................................... 34 4.4 Data Collection ....................................................................................................................... 35 4.4.1 Primary Data .................................................................................................................. 35 4.4.2 Secondary data sources ................................................................................................. 36 4.5 Data Analysis .........................................................................................................................