On-farm conservation of agricultural biodiversity in Nepal Volume I. Assessing the amount and distribution of genetic diversity on-farm Proceedings of the Second National Workshop 25–27 August 2004, Nagarkot, Nepal B.R. Sthapit, M.P. Upadhyay, P.K. Shrestha and D.I. Jarvis, editors SWISS AGEN CY FOR DEVELOP M E N T A N D COOPERAT ION SDC Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs Development Cooperation IPGRI is a Future Harvest Centre supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) IPGRI is a Future Harvest Centre supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) On-farm conservation of agricultural biodiversity in Nepal Volume I. Assessing the amount and distribution of genetic diversity on-farm Proceedings of the Second National Workshop 25–27 August 2004, Nagarkot, Nepal B.R. Sthapit1, M.P. Upadhyay2, P.K. Shrestha3 and D.I. Jarvis4, editors 1 IPGRI Regional Office for Asia, the Pacific and Oceania (IPGRI–APO) 10 Dharmashila Budhha Marg, Nadipur Patan Ward No. 3, Kaski district, Pokhara, Nepal 2 Agriculture Botany Division Nepal Agricultural Research Council PO Box 1135, Kathmandu, Nepal 3 LI-BIRD PO Box 324, Pokhara, Nepal 4 IPGRI Via dei Tre Denari 472/a 00057 Maccarese, Rome, Italy ii On-farm Conservation of Agricultural Biodiversity in Nepal. Volume I. Assessing the Amount and Distribution of Genetic Diversity on-farm The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an independent international scientific organization that seeks to improve the well-being of present and future generations of people by enhancing conservation and the deployment of agricultural biodiversity on farms and in forests. It is one of 15 Future Harvest Centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an association of public and private members who support efforts to mobilize cutting-edge science to reduce hunger and poverty, improve human nutrition and health, and protect the environment. IPGRI has its headquarters in Maccarese, near Rome, Italy, with offices in more than 20 other countries worldwide. The Institute operates through four programmes: Diversity for Livelihoods, Understanding and Managing Biodiversity, Global Partnerships, and Improving Livelihoods in Commodity-based Systems. The international status of IPGRI is conferred under an Establishment Agreement which, by January 2005, had been signed by the Governments of Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine. Financial support for IPGRI’s research is provided by more than 150 donors, including governments, private foundations and international organizations. For details of donors and research activities please see IPGRI’s Annual Reports, which are available in printed form on request from [email protected] or from IPGRI’s Web site (www.ipgri.cgiar.org). The geographical designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IPGRI or the CGIAR concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Similarly, the views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of these organizations. Mention of a proprietary name does not constitute endorsement of the product and is given only for information. Citation: Sthapit, B.R., Upadhyay, M.P., Shrestha, P.K. and Jarvis, D.I. (eds.). 2005. On-farm conservation of agricultural biodiversity in Nepal. Volume I. Assessing the amount and distribution of genetic diversity on-farm. Proceedings of the Second National Workshop, 25– 27 August 2004, Nagarkot, Nepal. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy. ISBN-10: 92-9043-695-6 ISBN-13: 978-92-9043-695-9 IPGRI Via dei Tre Denari 472/a 00057 Maccarese Rome Italy © International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, 2005 Contents iii Contents Acknowledgements 1 Introduction: assessing the amount and distribution of genetic diversity 2 The amount and distribution of local crop diversity in three ecophysiographic regions of the In Situ Conservation Project in Nepal 2 Sanjaya Gyawali, Bal K. Joshi, Parsu R. Biswokarma, Anthony H.D. Brown, D. Jarvis and Bhuwon R. Sthapit 2 Four-cell analysis as a decision-making tool for conservation of agrobiodiversity on-farm 15 Ram B. Rana, Bhuwon R. Sthapit, C. Garforth, Anil Subedi and Devra I. Jarvis Rice 25 Genetic variation within and among rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces, varieties and bulks developed by PPB by use of SSR markers 25 Jwala Bajracharya, Katherine A. Steele, Sanjaya Gyawali, Bhuwon R. Sthapit, Devra I. Jarvis and John R. Witcombe Molecular marker diversity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces of Nepal 34 Jwala Bajracharya, Katherine A. Steele, John R. Witcombe, Bhuwon R. Sthapit and Devra I. Jarvis Participatory plant breeding conserves local landraces at genetic level: a study of molecular markers to detect parental contribution in PPB progenies 46 Jwala Bajracharya, Sanjaya Gyawali and Bhuwon R. Sthapit On-farm evaluation of traits influencing outcrossing among rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces of Central Terai, Kachorwa, Bara, Nepal 54 Resham B. Amgain, Pitamber Shrestha, Bal K. Joshi, Niranjan P. Adhikari, Sanjaya Gyawali, Madhusudhan P. Upadhyay, Bhuwon R. Sthapit and Bimal K. Baniya Landrace-specific agronomic practices of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Bara, Nepal 64 Madhav Joshi, Govinda R.. Sedhai, Devendra Chaudhary, Bal K. Joshi, Shiv S. Biswakarma, Resham B. Amgain, Pitamber Shrestha and Mahanarayan Yadav Finger millet 73 Stability and adaptation of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) landraces 73 Bal K. Joshi, Radha K. Tiwari, Resham B. Amgain, Pitamber Shrestha, Sanjaya Gyawali, Ashok Mudwari and Bimal K. Baniya Intra- and interpopulation variation in finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) landraces grown in Kachorwa, Bara, Nepal 84 Resham B. Amgain, Bal K. Joshi, Pitamber Shrestha, Bedanand Chaudhary, Niranjan P. Adhikari and Bimal K. Baniya Intra- and interpopulation variation of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) landraces grown at Begnas, Kaski, Nepal 96 Radha K. Tiwari, Bal K. Joshi, Bimal K. Baniya, Salik R. Gupta, Abishkar Subedi, Madhusudan P. Upadhyay and Bhuwon R. Sthapit Pigeon pea 103 Population structure of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) landraces 103 Ram B. Yadav, Bal K. Joshi, Salik R. Gupta, Madhusudan P. Upadhyay, Bimal K. Baniya, Ashok Mudwari, Niranjan P. Adhikari, Jwala Bajracharya and Bhuwon R. Sthapit iv On-farm Conservation of Agricultural Biodiversity in Nepal. Volume I. Assessing the Amount and Distribution of Genetic Diversity on-farm Landrace-specific agronomic practices of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) in Bara, Nepal 108 Madhav Joshi, Niranjan Adhikari, Bal K. Joshi, Ram B. Yadav, Resham B. Amagain, Shiv S. Biswakarma, Pitamber Shrestha and Mahanarayan Yadav Vegetables 113 Characterization of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem) landraces of Nepal 113 Radha K. Tiwari, Bal K. Joshi, Hari B. KC, Yuba R. Bhusal, Madhusudan Ghale, Abishkar Subedi, Madhusudan P. Upadhyay and Bhuwon R. Sthapit Evaluation of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica L.) diversity for vegetable production 122 Bal K. Joshi, Radha K. Tiwari, Hari B. KC, Hom N. Regmi, Bishnu H. Adhikari, Madhusudan Ghale, Bedananda Chaudhary, Sanjaya Gyawali, Madhusudan P. Upadhyay and Bhuwon R. Sthapit Traditional seed supply system of sponge gourd in mid-hills and plains of Nepal 132 Bimal K. Baniya, Hari B. KC, Radha K. Tiwari, Resham B. Amgain, Bal K. Joshi, Pitambar Shrestha, Sanjay Gyawali, Krishna P. Baral and Durga M.S. Dangol Cucumber seed supply system in Kaski and Bara districts of Nepal 141 Bimal K. Baniya, Hari B. KC, Radha K. Tiwari, Resham B. Amgain, Bal K. Joshi, Pitambar Shrestha, Sanjay Gyawali, Krishna P. Baral, Jwala Bajracharya, Deepa Singh and Durga M.S. Dangol Revealing hidden knowledge on taro (Colocasia and Xanthosoma) species in Nepal 148 Deepak Rijal Locating diversity of broad leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in Nepal 161 Hom N. Regmi, Bal K. Joshi, Hari B. KC, Abishkar Subedi, Salik R. Gupta and Jwala Bajracharaya Fruits 167 Characterization and genetic diversity of mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Nepal 167 Abishkar Subedi, Jwala Bajracharya, Bal K. Joshi, Hom N. Regmi, Salik R. Gupta and Hari B. KC Ecogeographic survey of mango (Mangifera indica L.) genetic resources in Nepal 176 Abishkar Subedi, Jwala Bajracharya, Bal K. Joshi, Hari B. KC, Salik R. Gupta, Hom N. Regmi, Khrisna P. Baral, Pitamber Shrestha, Padam Thagunna, Radha K. Tiwari and Bhuwon R. Sthapit Participants 187 Introduction 1 Acknowledgements This publication is a product of the Nepal Country Component of the IPGRI-coordinated global project "Strengthening the Scientific Basis of In Situ Conservation of Agricultural Biodiversity On-Farm". The International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the governments of Switzerland (Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation; SDC) and the Netherlands (Directorate-General for International Cooperation; DGIS) are gratefully acknowledged