DOCUMENT RESUME ED 407 284 SE 060 256 AUTHOR Wandersee, James H., Ed.; And Others TITLE Bioinstrumentation: Tools for Understanding Life. INSTITUTION National Association of Biology Teachers, Reston, VA. REPORT NO ISBN-0-941212-23-8 PUB DATE 96 NOTE 338p. AVAILABLE FROM National Association of Biology Teachers, 11250 Roger Bacon Drive #19, Reston, VA 20190-5202. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) Reference Materials General (130) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC14 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Biology; Chromatography; DNA; Higher Education; *Instrumentation; *Laboratory Equipment; Microscopes; Observation; Secondary Education; Spectroscopy; Teacher Education; *Technology ABSTRACT This book was written to help introductory biology teachers gain a basic understanding of contemporary bioinstrumentation and the uses to which it is put in the laboratory. It includes topics that are most basic to understanding the nature of biology. The book is divided into five sections: (1) "Separation and Identification" that includes chapters on electrophoresis, chromatographic techniques, immunologic methods, flow cytometry, and centrifugation of biomolecules; (2) "Observation" that includes chapters on advances in light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, 7.nd scanninrY electron microscopy; (3) "Spectroscopy" that includes chapters on absorption spectroscopy, fluoreL,c. sl2cct=7c,,--T, cross-sectional medical imaging, and infrared spectroscopy; (4) "Biological Tracing and Sensing" that includes a chapter on radionuclides; and (5) "Manipulation of Biological Molecules" that includes chapters ori-recombinant DNA, the polymerase chain reaction, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Chapter overviews, concept maps, margin notes, photos of real scientists and their students, overhead transparency masters, and an Internet bioinstrumentation web site directory are also included. (JRH) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** BIOINSTRUMENTATION d. Ill/l/1/11;111,,41/71? Tools for Understanding Life PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL iE UCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION HAS CENTER (ERIC) s document has been reproduced as (Aa Edited by Aeived from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. James H. 11.1andersee TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) official OERI position or policy. Dennis R. Ufissing C.T. Lange BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2 BIOIFISTMEHTHT1011 Tools for Understanding Life EDITORS James H. UJandersee UEIT Professor of Biology Education Director, 15 Degree Laboratory Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA Dennis R. 11.1issing- Associate Professor and Program Coordinator Department of Cardiopulmonary Science Louisiana State University Medical. Center Shreveport, LA. C.T. Lange Research Assistant Professor of Biology University of Missouri ----St. Louis St. Louis MO National Rssociation of Biology Teachers ii Published by the National Association of Biology Teachers (NABT) 11250 Roger Bacon Drive, #19, Reston, Virginia 20190-5202 ISBN 0-941212-23-8 Copyright 0 1996 by the National Association of BiologyTeachers All rights reserved. The overhead transparency masterscontained in this book may be repro- duced for the classroom only. This book may not bereproduced in its entirety, by any mechani- cal, photographic, or electronic process, or in the form of aphotograph recording, nor may it be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or otherwise copiedfor any other use without the per- mission of the publisher. Cover photograph: Chapter author, Lynda Britton, AssistantProfessor of Medical Technology at Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, instructssenior medical technology student, Stephanie Mason, on how to perform the polymerasechain reaction (PCR) using a ther- mal cycler. Cover photograph by Stan Carpenter Department of Medical Communications, LSUMC Printed in the United States of America by Automated Graphic Systems,White Plains, Maryland. 4 111 I"Tomy Ph.D. students in Biology Education at LSU, past and present Eleanor Abrams, John Trowbridge, Connie Nobles, Susan Nichols, Phyllis Griffard, Susan Tittlebaum, Mary Gail Yates, Lynda Britton, Sharon Flanagan, Knight Roddy, Kodie Jeffery, Dilek Buchholz, Jessica Scott, James Njengere, Judith Poindexter, Juliana Hinton, Jodale Ales, Marcella Hackney, and Dennis Wissing." JHW 111 "To John T. Jobe and Betty W. Johnson, who became my friends; Jimmy M. Cairo and Jim 111 H. Wandersee, who became my mentors; and, above all, to my loving and supportive wife, I Vicki, who stands with me at all times." DRW I "Early and mid-career science educators who are formally trained often find that they need self-education to help them understand contemporary advances in their discipline. To that end, and to the late Edward H. Birkenmeier, M.D., the second edition of Bioin- strumentation is dedicated." I CTL 111 111 111 111 111 5 iv Contributors I John R. Snyder, Ph.D. Elaine Cox. Ph.D. Dean Department of Science I School of Allied Health Professions Bossier Parish Community College LSU Medical Center Bossier City, Louisiana New Orleans and Shreveport, Louisiana Jerry A. White, Ph.D. Terry S. Le Grand, B.S., RRT Research Assistant Professor Ph.D. Candidate Manager, Electron Microscope Facility I Department of Physiology and Biophysics College of Agriculture, Food, and Natural LSU School of Medicine Resources Shreveport, Louisiana University of Missouri - Columbia Yee Tak Aw, Ph.D. Merton F. Brown, Ph.D. Associate Professor Professor Emeritus Department of Physiology and Biophysics Department of Plant Pathology LSU School of Medicine University of Missouri - Columbia Shreveport, Louisiana John S. Davis, M.B.A., MT(ASCP)SC, DLM Suzanne Childers Huth, M.Ed., MT Assistant Professor and Program Director I Associate Professor of Clinical Laboratory Department of Medical Technology Science and Bacteriology School of Allied Health Professions Louisiana Tech University LSU Medical Center I Ruston, Louisiana Shreveport, Louisiana Selvestion Jimes, Ph.D. Alan Abbott, Ph.D. Professor of Biological Sciences Assistant Professor of Chemistry Department of Biological Sciences Department of Chemistry Louisiana State University - Shreveport Louisiana State University - Shreveport I Shreveport, Louisiana Shreveport, Louisiana Bridget L. Langley, M.H.S., MT(ASCP) SI I Mardjohan Hardjasudarma, M.D., M.S. Assistant Professor of Clinical Medical Hyg., FRCPC Technology Professor of Clinical Radiology and I Department of Medical Technology Ophthalmology School of Allied Health Professions LSU School of Medicine LSU Medical Center Shreveport, Louisiana I Shreveport, Louisiana Gary Lyon, M.A.T. Martha M. Juban, M.N.S. Chemistry Education I Research Associate Department of Curriculum and Instruction Department of Biochemistry Louisiana State University Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana Baton Rouge, Louisiana Kenneth E. Griswold, Jr., Ph.D. Mary D. Barkley, Ph.D. Professor and Head Professor Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry Bacteriology Louisiana State University Louisiana Tech University Baton Rouge, Louisiana Ruston, Louisiana I 6 II v John Staczek, Ph.D. Associate Professor IIDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology LSU School of Medicine IIShreveport, Louisiana Lynda A. Britton, M.A., MT(ASCP) CLS (NCA) II Assistant Professor of Medical Technology Department of Medical Technology School of Allied Health Professions III LSU Medical Center Shreveport, Louisiana IIJanice Matthews-Greer, Ph.D. Clinical Assistant Professor of Research IIIAssistant Director of the Diagnostic Virology Laboratory Department of Pediatrics LSU School of Medicine 111 Shreveport, Louisiana II I I vii Preface 111 James H. Wandersee am deeply aware of the importance of a new or improved instrument for aIprogress in understanding life. Over the years I have devoured every source I could find 111 in the history of biology about the "Father of Microbiology," Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723). In fact, my very first NABT convention presentation (1980) was based upon his wonderful instruments and what he saw with them. Since then, I have spoken 111 to audiences of biology teachers across the U.S. and abroad about this amateur bi- ologist, telling the tales of his amazing discoveries. Oh, the instruments he made and the applications he found for them! 111 At a time when compound microscope lens systems were plagued by both sphe- rical and chromatic aberration, this Dutch linen draper realized he could probably accomplish more with a single lens, by improving a common (toy) magnifier, the flea glass. Leeuwenhoek built and used 247 high quality, single-lens microscopes -- grinding 419 lenses, some as small as a pinhead. Not only did he build these microscopes en- tirely by himself, he developed methods (dark-field microscopy, microtomy, microme- try, three-axis mechanical stages, etc.) for their use that allowed him to see what no other person had ever seen before -- living protozoa, the eye of a louse, human red blood cells, Spirogyra, frog sperm, bacteria in human tooth scrapings, and so forth. Peo- ple came from all