View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarSpace at University of Hawai'i at Manoa Helminth Records from Eleven Species of Emoia (Sauria: Scincidae) from Oceania1 Stephen R. Goldberg,2 Charles R. Bursey,3 and Robert N. Fisher4 Abstract: As part of an ongoing study of the biogeography of helminth parasites of lizards from Oceania, 53 specimens of Emoia (11 species) were examined, as follows: E. atrocostata, E. boettgeri, E. caerulocauda, E. cyanogaster, E. cyanura, E. impar, E. nigra, E. nigromarginata, E. ponapea, E. sanfordi, E. trossula. One species of Digenea, Paradistomoides gregarium, and six species of Nematoda, Hedruris hanleyae, Maxvachonia chabaudi, Parapharyngodon maplestoni, Physalopteroides ar- noensis, Spauligodon gehyrae, and Moaciria sp. indet., were found. These hel- minths have been reported previously from other lizard species. Seventeen new host records and eight new locality records are reported. As part of an ongoing investigation of the materials and methods biogeography of helminth parasites of lizards Eleven species of ( ¼ 53) from Oce- in Oceania, we identified helminths from a Emoia n ania were examined, as follows: E. atrocostata collection of skinks (Emoia spp.) from Belau, ( ¼ 1, Kobasang Island, Belau, 7 30 0 N, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Tonga, n 134 30 0 N); E. boettgeri (n ¼ 1, Pohnpei Is- and Vanuatu. The genus Emoia consists of at land, Federated States of Micronesia, 9 00 least 72 species that range from Southeast N, 150 00 E); E. caerulocauda (n ¼ 8, Efate Asia through the Indo-Australian Archipelago 0 0 and Oceania (Brown 1991). To our knowl- Island, Vanuatu, 15 0 S, 168 0 E); E. cya- nogaster (n ¼ 2, Efate Island, Vanuatu); E. cy- edge, only Emoia cyanura, E. nigra, and E. anura (n ¼ 9; 4 from the Kingdom of Tonga, samoensis have previously been reported to 0 0 harbor helminths (Goldberg and Bursey 19 50 S, 174 30 W; 1 from Pohnpei Island, Federated States of Micronesia; 4 from Na- 1991, Goldberg et al. 2000). The purpose of nuku Island, Fiji, 16 35 0 S, 179 08 0 E); this paper is to add helminths from 11 species E. impar (n ¼ 5; 4 from Efate Island, Vanuatu; of Emoia to the checklist of endoparasites for 1 from Ugaga Island, Fiji, 18 22 0 S, 178 13 0 lizards from Oceania and to ascertain their E); ( ¼ 11, Kingdom of Tonga); distribution on the islands of Oceania. The E. nigra n ( ¼ 10, Efate Island, Van- checklist of endoparasites for lizards from E. nigromarginata n uatu); ( ¼ 1, Pohnpei Island, Oceania began with the summaries of hel- E. ponapea n Federated States of Micronesia); minthological data on geckonid and scincid E. sanfordi ( ¼ 1, Efate Island, Vanuatu); lizards by Goldberg et al. (1998, 2000) and n E. trossula ¼ Goldberg and Bursey (2002). (n 4, Kingdom of Tonga). Lizards from the Kingdom of Tonga were collected in 1972 and are deposited in the Museum of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji. Emoia atrocostata, 1 Manuscript accepted 12 November 2004. E. boettgeri, and E. ponapea were collected 2 Department of Biology, Whittier College, Whittier, in 1991 and are deposited in the California California 90608. 3 Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State Univer- Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. All sity, Shenango Campus, Sharon, Pennsylvania 16146. other Emoia were collected in 1993 and are 4 U.S. Geological Survey, 5745 Kearny Villa Road, deposited in the United States National Mu- Suite M, San Diego, California 92123. seum, Washington, D.C. Lizards were dissected shortly after cap- Pacific Science (2005), vol. 59, no. 4:609–614 ture; helminths were removed and placed in : 2005 by University of Hawai‘i Press vials of 70% ethanol; the carcasses were then All rights reserved preserved in 10% formalin and subsequently 609 610 PACIFIC SCIENCE . October 2005 stored in 70% ethanol. For lizards from the discussion Kingdom of Tonga, the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines were opened Paradistomoides gregarium was originally de- and separately searched for helminths under scribed as Paradistomum magnum from speci- a dissecting microscope. From the other lo- mens taken from the gall bladder of a gecko, calities, only stomachs were examined. The Hemidactylus frenatus, collected in the Philip- helminths were examined in 2001, at which pines by Tubangui (1928). However, Paradi- time the nematodes were identified after stomum magnum was preoccupied, and clearing in a drop of glycerol under a cover- Tubangui (1929) changed the name to Para- slip on a microscope slide, and the digeneans distomum gregarium, which was assigned to were stained with hematoxylin and studied as its current genus by Travassos (1944). Syno- whole mounts. nyms include Paradistomum brevis, P. gecko- num, P. laruei, P. magnum, P. medicus, P. results oroterminosus, and P. paloensis. Additional hosts include the agamid lizards Calotes versicolor, We found one species of Digenea, Paradi- Hydrosaurus pustulatus; the gekkonids Cosym- stomoides gregarium (Dicrocoeliidae), and six botus platyurus, Gehyra mutilata, G. oceanica, species of Nematoda: Hedruris hanleyae Gekko gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus, H. brookii, (Hedruridae), Maxvachonia chabaudi (Cosmo- Lepidodactylus guppyi, Nactus pelagicus; the la- cercidae), Moaciria sp. indet. (Heterakidae), certid Takydromus sexlineatus; and the scincids Parapharyngodon maplestoni (Pharyngodoni- Emoia cyanurum, Lipinia noctua, Prasinohaema dae), Physalopteroides arnoensis (Physalopteri- virens, Sphenomorphus solomonis (Tubangui dae), and Spauligodon gehyrae (Pharyngodo- 1933, Fischthal and Kuntz 1967, Killick and nidae). Prevalence (percentage of host Beverley-Burton 1982). Emoia atrocostata rep- species infected by a helminth species) and resents a new host record, and Belau is a new mean intensity G 1 SD (number of individ- locality record. uals of a helminth species divided by num- Hedruris hanleyae was described from the ber of infected hosts) are given in Table 1. stomach of a gecko, Hemidactylus garnotii, col- Voucher specimens of the helminths were de- lected in the Cook Islands (Bursey and Gold- posited in the United States National Parasite berg 2000). Additional hosts include Gehyra Collection (USNPC), Beltsville, Maryland: mutilata, G. oceanica, Hemidactylus frenatus, Emoia atrocostata (Paradistomoides gregarium, Lepidodactylus lugubris, L. moestus, and L. paur- USNPC 93732); Emoia boettgeri (Hedruris olepis. Emoia boettgeri, E. caerulocauda, E. cya- hanleyae, USNPC 93733; Moaciria sp. indet., nogaster, E. cyanura, E. impar, E. nigra, E. USNPC 93734); Emoia caerulocauda (Hedruris nigromarginata, E. sanfordi, and E. trossula rep- hanleyae, USNPC 93735); Emoia cyanogaster resent new host records. Vanuatu and Feder- (Hedruris hanleyae, USNPC 93736); Emoia cy- ated States of Micronesia are new locality anura (Hedruris hanleyae, USNPC 93737); records. Emoia impar (Hedruris hanleyae, USNPC Maxvachonia chabaudi was described from 93738, 93739); Emoia nigra (Hedruris hanleyae, individuals pooled from nine species of lizards USNPC 93709; Maxvachonia chabaudi, and one species of snake collected in Australia USNPC 93715; Parapharyngodon maplestoni, by Mawson (1972): the gekkonid Phyllurus USNPC 93710; Physalopteroides arnoensis, milii; the scincids Ctenotus australis, C. labillar- USNPC 93712); Emoia nigromarginata (He- dieri, C. leae, Egernia whitii, Eulamprus koscius- druris hanleyae, USNPC 93740); Emoia pona- koi, Hemiergis peronii, Lerista bougainvillii, pea (Moaciria sp. indet., USNPC 93741); Morethia lineoocellata; and the elapid Pseudo- Emoia sanfordi (Hedruris hanleyae, USNPC naja affinis. Additional Australian hosts 93742); Emoia trossula (Hedruris hanleyae, include the scincids Ctenotus brooksi, C. leon- USNPC 93727; Physalopteroides arnoensis, hardii, C. pantherinus, C. quattuordecimlineatus, USNPC 93731; Spauligodon gehyrae, USNPC C. regius, and Egernia inornata and the varanid 93728). Varanus tristis ( Jones 1988, Goldberg and TABLE 1 Prevalence as Percentage (P) and Mean Intensity G 1 SD (M) for Each Helminth Species Infecting 11 Species of Skinks from Oceania Paradistomoides Maxvachonia Parapharyngodon Physalopteroides Spauligodon gregarium Hedruris hanleyae chabaudi Moaciria sp. maplestoni arnoensis gehyrae Emoia sp. P M P M P M P M P M P M P M E. atrocostata 1/1 (100) 22 — — — — — — — — — — — — E. boettgeri — — 1/1 (100) 1 — — 1/1 (100) 1 — — — — — — E. caerulocauda — — 8/8 (100) 2.3 G 1.5—————————— E. cyanogaster — — 2/2 (100) 1 G 0— — ———— — — —— E. cyanura — — 5/9 (56) 6.6 G 2.9 1/9 (11) 1 — — — — — — — — E. impar — — 5/5 (100) 1.8 G 1.1—————————— E. nigra — — 11/11 (100) 7.7 G 3.7 3/11 (27) 7.0 G 5.0 — — 3/11 (27) 1.0 G 0 5/11 (45) 3.2 G 3.5 — — E. nigromarginata — — 10/10 (100) 2.7 G 0.9—————————— E. ponapea — — — — — — 1/1 (100) 6 — — — — — — E. sanfordi — — 1/1 (100) 1 — — — — — — — — — — E. trossula — — 3/4 (75) 8.0 G 5.6 — — — — — — 2/4 (50) 2.5 G 2.1 1/4 (25) 3 612 PACIFIC SCIENCE . October 2005 Bursey 1995, 2000, Goldberg et al. 1999). Nematotaeniidae), Maxvachonia chabaudi, and Other reported hosts include Emoia cyanura, larvae of Skrjabinoptera sp. (Seuratidae) from Gehyra mutilata, G. oceanica, Lepidodactylus lu- E. cyanura (Goldberg and Bursey 1991, Gold- gubris, and L. paurolepis (Goldberg and Bursey berg et al. 2000). Parapharyngodon kartana was 2002). Emoia nigra represents a new host rec- described from the scincid Hemiergis peronii ord. The Kingdom of Tonga is a new locality by Johnston and Mawson (1941) and is also record. known from the agamid Ctenophorus fionni; Moaciria