Report No: ACS4432 . Samoa Samoa Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Cyclone Evans 2012 Public Disclosure Authorized . March 2013 . EASNS EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC . Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized . Document of the World Bank . Standard Disclaimer: . This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Copyright Statement: . 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SAMOA Post-disaster Needs Assessment Cyclone Evan 2012 Government of Samoa March 2013 GOVERNMENT OF SAMOA Design: [email protected] Cover photos: Top left and bottom: Courtesy of GoS/PDNA Assessment team. Top right: © Saikit Leung | Dreamstime.com. SAMOA Post-disaster Needs Assessment Cyclone Evan 2012 Government of Samoa March 2013 GOVERNMENT OF SAMOA TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................................ vii Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... ix Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... xiii 1. Living with Disaster ...................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Assessment Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 9 3. Damage, Losses, and Needs by Sector ........................................................................................................ 13 3.1 Summary of Damage and Loss ............................................................................................................ 13 Productive Sectors 3.2 Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries .................................................................................................... 17 3.3 Manufacturing and Commerce ........................................................................................................... 27 3.4 Tourism .............................................................................................................................................. 31 Social Sectors 3.5 Health ................................................................................................................................................ 39 3.6 Education ........................................................................................................................................... 49 3.7 Housing .............................................................................................................................................. 54 3.8 Cultural Heritage ................................................................................................................................ 63 Infrastructure Sectors 3.9 Water Supply and Sanitation ............................................................................................................... 69 3.10 Electricity ............................................................................................................................................ 81 3.11 Transport ............................................................................................................................................ 87 3.12 Environment ....................................................................................................................................... 91 4. Economic Impacts ......................................................................................................................................... 99 5. Human and Social Impacts and Needs ........................................................................................................ 107 6. Managing Disaster Risk ................................................................................................................................ 127 7. Summary of Post-disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Needs ............................................................... 139 List of Figures Figure 1. Average Annual Loss Due to Tropical Cyclones and Earthquakes (from three types of assets) ............... 3 Figure 2. Relative Risk of Tropical Cyclone and Earthquake across Samoa ........................................................... 3 Figure 3. Tropical Cyclone Evan Track Information as of 1800 UTC December 18, 2012 ..................................... 4 Figure 4. Infrared Satellite Image of Tropical Cyclone Evan Taken over Samoa at 1230 UTC December 13, 2012 ............................................................................................................................ 5 Figure 5. Modeled Ground-Up Mean Loss per District of Samoa from Tropical Cyclone Evan and the Modeled Track for Tropical Cyclone Evan (from Joint Typhoon Warning Center Advisories) .................. 6 Figure 6. Cyclone Evan Disaster Effects, by Ownership ....................................................................................... 14 Figure 7. Chronological Variation of Damage and Loss Caused by Cyclone Evan in Samoa ................................. 15 Figure 8. Breakdown of Damage and Loss, by Main Sectors of Activity .............................................................. 15 iv | SAMOA Post-disaster Needs Assessment: Cyclone Evan 2012 Figure 9. Sectoral Distribution of Damage and Loss, by Individual Sector of Economic Activity ........................... 16 Figure 10. Damage and Loss Assessment of Agriculture Sector in Upolu after Tropical Cyclone Evan, January 2013 ...................................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 11. Daily Power Generation in Samoa, December 2012 ............................................................................ 83 Figure 12. Estimated Cyclone Evan Impact on GDP Growth Rate, Assuming No Recovery and Reconstruction Activities and Investments, 2012–2014 ....................................................................... 102 List of Tables Table 1. Summary of Damage and Loss Caused by Cyclone Evan in Samoa (thousand SAT) .............................. xiii Table 2. Summary of Recovery, Reconstruction, and Disaster Risk Reduction Needs .......................................... xv Table 3. Return Period of Tropical Cyclones ...................................................................................................... 2 Table 4. Maximum Total Rainfall and Rainfall Intensity in Vaisigano Catchment ................................................ 6 Table 5. Summary of Damage and Loss Caused by Cyclone Evan in Samoa (thousand SAT) .............................. 14 Table 6. Agriculture Sector Damages (thousand SAT) ....................................................................................... 19 Table 7. Agriculture Sector Damage and Loss (thousand SAT) ........................................................................... 21 Table 8. Agriculture Sector Recovery Needs (thousand SAT) .............................................................................. 22 Table 9. Agriculture Sector Reconstruction Needs (thousand SAT) .................................................................... 26 Table 10. Damage and Loss in Manufacturing and Commerce Sectors (thousand SAT) ....................................... 28 Table 11. Recovery and Reconstruction Needs in Manufacturing and Commerce Sectors (thousand SAT) ........... 29 Table 12. Tourism Capacity in Samoa, 2009 and 2012 ....................................................................................... 32 Table 13. Estimation of Damage to Tourism Sector Facilities ............................................................................... 33 Table 14. Estimation of Gross Revenue Losses for the Tourism Sector, 2013–2015 (million SAT) .......................... 34 Table 15. Recovery and Reconstruction Needs (thousand SAT) ...........................................................................