National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Invasive Species Early Detection and Rapid Response Plan Cumberland Piedmont Network Natural Resource Report NPS/CUPN/NRR—2014/795 ON THE COVER Clockwise from left: garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), photograph by Jennifer Stingelin Keefer; winter creeper (Euonymus fortunei) at Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (CHCH), Photograph by: Joe Meiman; bush honeysuckle (Lonicera sp.), photograph by Jennifer Stingelin Keefer; Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), photograph by Jennifer Stingelin Keefer. Invasive Species Early Detection and Rapid Response Plan Cumberland Piedmont Network Natural Resource Report NPS/CUPN/NRR—2014/795 Jennifer Stingelin Keefer1, Kurt L. Helf2, Teresa Leibfreid2, and Margot W. Kaye3 1The Pennsylvania State University Department of Ecosystem Science and Management 309 Forest Resources Laboratory University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 2National Park Service Cumberland Piedmont Network PO Box 8 Mammoth Cave, KY 42259 3The Pennsylvania State University Department of Ecosystem Science and Management 303 Forest Resources Building University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 April 2014 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received formal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data, and whose background and expertise put them on par technically and scientifically with the authors of the information. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the National Park Service. This report is available from Cumberland Piedmont Network (CUPN) website (http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/cupn/) and Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/). To receive this report in a format optimized for screen readers, please email [email protected]. Please cite this publication as: Keefer, J. S., K. L. Helf, T. Leibfreid and M. W. Kaye. 2014. Invasive species early detection and rapid response plan for the Cumberland Piedmont Network. Natural Resource Report NPS/CUPN/NRR—2014/795. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 910/124412, April 2014 ii Contents Page Figures............................................................................................................................................. v Tables .............................................................................................................................................. v Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) ........................................................................................ vii Appendices .................................................................................................................................... vii Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... xi Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Background and History .......................................................................................................... 1 Why Implement Invasive Species Early Detection? ............................................................... 2 Goals and Objectives ............................................................................................................... 3 Parks Involved ......................................................................................................................... 4 Sampling Design ............................................................................................................................. 5 Prioritizing List of Target Species ........................................................................................... 5 Invasive Species Identification Field Guide ............................................................................ 6 Opportunistic Sampling ........................................................................................................... 7 Detection ................................................................................................................................ 10 Assessment ............................................................................................................................ 10 Rapid Response ..................................................................................................................... 10 Field Methods ............................................................................................................................... 13 Field Season Preparations and Equipment Set-up ................................................................. 13 Gathering Field Data .............................................................................................................. 13 Sample Collection and Post-collection Processing................................................................ 14 Data Management and Reporting ................................................................................................. 15 Database ................................................................................................................................. 15 Mapping ................................................................................................................................. 15 Data Entry, Verification, and Validation ............................................................................... 16 Data Archival Procedures ...................................................................................................... 16 iii Contents (continued) Page Data Reporting ....................................................................................................................... 17 Revisions................................................................................................................................ 17 Personnel Requirements and Training .......................................................................................... 19 Roles and Responsibilities ..................................................................................................... 19 Training and Safety Procedures ............................................................................................. 19 Operational Requirements ............................................................................................................ 21 Annual Workload and Field Schedule ................................................................................... 21 Startup Costs and Budget Considerations.............................................................................. 21 Facility and Equipment Needs ............................................................................................... 21 Interagency Cooperation and Education ................................................................................ 22 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................................. 23 iv Figures Page Figure 1. Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis). Photo taken by Jennifer Stingelin Keefer. ............................................................................................................................. 2 Figure 2. Location of fourteen parks in the Cumberland Piedmont Network (CUPN). .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 3. Early Detection of Invasive Species Surveillance Monitoring Field Guide title page and species card example. .................................................................................... 8 Figure 4. Park-specific high priority early detection species list card example. ........................... 9 Figure 5. Invasive Species Early Detection and Rapid Response system for the Cumberland Piedmont Network (CUPN). ...................................................................................