Developing Sustainable Digital Libraries: Socio-Technical Perspectives Tariq Ashraf University of Delhi, India Jaideep Sharma Indira Gandhi National Open University, India Puja Anand Gulati University of Delhi, India INFORMATION SCIENCE REFERENCE +HUVKH\1HZ<RUN Director of Editorial Content: Kristin Klinger Director of Book Publications: Julia Mosemann Acquisitions Editor: Lindsay Johnson Development Editor: Elizabeth Arder Typesetter: Gregory Snader Quality control: Jamie Snavely Cover Design: Lisa Tosheff Printed at: Yurchak Printing Inc. Published in the United States of America by Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue Hershey PA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.igi-global.com/reference Copyright © 2010 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. 3URGXFWRUFRPSDQ\QDPHVXVHGLQWKLVVHWDUHIRULGHQWL¿FDWLRQSXUSRVHVRQO\,QFOXVLRQRIWKHQDPHVRIWKHSURGXFWVRU companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Developing sustainable digital libraries : socio-technical perspectives / Tariq Ashraf, Jaideep Sharma and Puja Anand Gulati, editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: "This book provides tools to complement an organization's burgeoning information treasuries, exploring new frontiers by looking at social and economic aspects of digital libraries and their sustainability"-- Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-61520-767-1 ESBN 978-1-61520-768-8 1. Digital libraries. 2. Library materials--Digitization. 3. Digital preservation. 4. Digital divide. 5. Digital libraries--India. I. Ashraf, Tariq, 1961- II. Sharma, Jaideep. III. Gulati, Puja Anand, 1978- ZA4080.D487 2010 025.00285--dc22 2009036022 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher. Editorial Advisory Board S. P. Singh, University of Delhi, Delhi, India Roshan Lal Raina, Indian Institute of Management, India S.B.Ghosh, DLIS, IGNOU, India Gayas Makhdumi, Jamia Millia Islamia, India S.Majumdar, University of Delhi, India B.K.Sen, University of Malaya, Malyasia /LVWRI5HYLHZHUV M.G.Sreekumar, Indian Institute of Management, Kozhikode, India Debal C.Kar, Information Specialist, TERI, New Delhi, India Sanjeev Kumar, National Institute of Fashion Technology, New Delhi, India Table of Contents Preface ................................................................................................................................................xiv Acknowledgment ................................................................................................................................xvi Chapter 1 Digital Libraries: A Sustainable Approach ............................................................................................. 1 Tariq Ashraf, University of Delhi, India Puja Anand Gulati, University of Delhi, India Chapter 2 Digital Libraries and Scholarly Communication: A Perspective ..........................................................19 S. C. Jindal, University of Delhi, India Chapter 3 Digitisation: Methods, Tools and Technology ...................................................................................... 40 Jagdish Arora, INFLIBNET, Ahmedabad, India Chapter 4 Tools and Techniques for Digital Conversion .......................................................................................64 Pravin Kumar Choudhary, DLF Limited, India Chapter 5 Building Digital Libraries: Role of Social (Open Source) Software ....................................................90 Kshema Prakash, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, India Jason A. Pannone, Harvard University, USA K. Santi Swarup, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, India Chapter 6 Web 2.0 and Social Web Approaches to Digital Libraries ..................................................................108 Arun Kumar Chakraborty, Bose Institute, India Chapter 7 Information Preservation and Information Services in the Digital Age ............................................. 133 Manisha Saksena, Independent Scholar, USA Chapter 8 Digital Preservation Challenges, Infrastructures and Evaluations ......................................................145 David Giaretta, Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK Chapter 9 Managing Change in Reference and Information Services in Digital Environment .......................... 160 Shantanu Ganguly, TERI New Delhi, India Shweta Pandey, Indus World School of Business (IWSB), India Chapter 10 Digital Library and Repositories: An Indian Initiative ....................................................................... 184 Bharat Kumar, Management Development Institute, India Chapter 11 Collaborative Digital Library Development in India: A Network Analysis ....................................... 206 Anup Kumar Das, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India B.K. Sen, New Delhi, India Chaitali Dutta, Jadavpur University, India Chapter 12 Intellectual Property Rights ................................................................................................................ 223 Jaideep Sharma, Indira Gandhi National Open University, India Chapter 13 Facilitating Access to Indian Cultural Heritage: Copyright, Permission Rights and Ownership Issues vis-à-vis IGNCA Collections ................................................................................................... 235 Ramesh Gaur, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA), India Chapter 14 Harnessing Technology for Providing Knowledge for Development: New Role for Libraries ....................................................................................................................... 252 M. Ishwara Bhatt, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, India Chapter 15 Digital Library and E-Governance: Moving Towards Sustainable Rural Livelihoods .......................265 P. K. Upadhyaya, National Informatics Centre, India M. Moni, National Informatics Centre, India Chapter 16 Bridging the Digital Divide: A Review of Critical Factors in Developing Countries ........................ 286 Leila Nemati Anaraki, Islamic Azad University, Iran Azadeh Heidari, Islamic Azad University, Iran Chapter 17 'LJLWDO'LYLGHDQG(FRQRPLF:HDOWK(YLGHQFHIURP$VLD3DFL¿F&RXQWULHV ..................................311 Shampa Paul, Institute of Economic Growth, New Delhi, India Compilation of References ............................................................................................................... 321 About the Contributors ....................................................................................................................346 Index ...................................................................................................................................................351 Detailed Table of Contents Preface ................................................................................................................................................xiv Acknowledgment ................................................................................................................................xvi Chapter 1 Digital Libraries: A Sustainable Approach ............................................................................................. 1 Tariq Ashraf, University of Delhi, India Puja Anand Gulati, University of Delhi, India The chapter discusses the concept of the digital libraries and their structures. It delves into their role in the virtual learning environment and examines the issue related to preservation and building of sus- tainable digital libraries. It argues that a sustainable digitization program, needs to be fully integrated into traditional collection development strategies. The assessment of what libraries have achieved so far in this direction can be discerned upon a close examination of key factors common to sustainable collection development, be it of analog, digitized, or born-digital materials. Key factors for achieving ¿QDQFLDOVXVWDLQDELOLW\DUHGHVFULEHG Chapter 2 Digital Libraries and Scholarly Communication: A Perspective ..........................................................19 S. C. Jindal, University of Delhi, India The chapter examines various components of scholarly communication in the context of digital tech- nologies as being applied in libraries. It highlights the role of digital environment in research and its impact. Chapter provides both a historical and contemporary perspective of digital library movement and discusses issue s like sustainability and preservation. It argues that Research libraries have begun to take on the provision, organization and preservation of digital information with the same long-term commitment they have made for print materials. Chapter 3 Digitisation: Methods, Tools and Technology ...................................................................................... 40 Jagdish Arora, INFLIBNET, Ahmedabad, India This chapter provides a practical approach to digital libraries. The authors present a comprehensive picture of digitization and explains the process of digitization in