State Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Planning and Implementation Project for the Island of O‘ahu Prepared for: Office of Planning Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism Prepared by: July 2020 State TOD Planning & Implementation Project, Island of O‘ahu Study Context and Potential Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic This report was drafted between December 2019 and July 2020, with reference to consultations, data collection, and analyses between the third quarter of 2018 and the first weeks of 2020. From approximately February 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused major economic, social, and business disruptions in Hawai‘i, as it did worldwide. At the time of this writing, little data exists on the pandemic’s impacts on development markets and financing, and the timing of recovery is uncertain. The development visions presented herein reflect the long-term goals and aspirations of public agencies and private parties anticipated for each TOD priority area. Many of the projects described would not be expected to materialize for years or even decades of this study. The assessments presented in this report are tied to future implementation of the desired projects, and while some could be delayed, for purposes of this study, it is assumed that in this longer-term framework, conditions affecting such development in Hawai‘i could have recovered to be within the range of outcomes described herein. Nevertheless, prior to implementation of any particular project or financial mechanism, as for any development, the conclusions presented herein should be reviewed in the context of current market, economic, fiscal, political, and social environments. State TOD Planning & Implementation Project, Island of O‘ahu Acknowledgments The contributions and assistance from the following departments, agencies, and stakeholders in the preparation of the State Transit-Oriented Development Planning and Implementation Project for the Island of O‘ahu are gratefully acknowledged. • State of Hawai‘i, Office of the Governor • University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu Community • State of Hawai‘i, Stadium Authority College • State of Hawai‘i, Department of Agriculture • City and County of Honolulu, Department of • State of Hawai‘i, Department of Accounting Planning and Permitting and General Services • City and County of Honolulu, Department of • State of Hawai‘i, Department of Education Transportation Services • State of Hawai‘i, Department of Hawaiian • City and County of Honolulu, Department of Home Lands Design and Construction • State of Hawai‘i, Department of Land and • City and County of Honolulu, Department of Natural Resources Environmental Services • State of Hawai‘i, Hawai‘i Community • City and County of Honolulu, Department of Development Authority Facility Maintenance • State of Hawai‘i, Hawai‘i Housing Finance • City and County of Honolulu, Board of Water and Development Corporation Supply • State of Hawai‘i, Hawai‘i Public Housing • Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. Authority • Kamehameha Schools • State of Hawai‘i, Department of Public Safety • DR Horton • State of Hawai‘i, Department of • TOD Council Developer Representative, Bill Transportation Brizee, AHL • State of Hawai‘i, Office of Planning • TOD Council Housing Advocate, Betty Lou • University of Hawai‘i System Larson, Catholic Charities • University of Hawai‘i West O‘ahu • United States of America, Department of the Navy i State TOD Planning & Implementation Project, Island of O‘ahu Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1 STUDY OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................................................ 9 1.1.1 TOD Context: State of Hawai‘i Strategic Plan for Transit-Oriented Development ................................................. 9 1.1.2 TOD Context: City and County of Honolulu Neighborhood TOD Plans ................................................................. 10 1.2 STUDY PURPOSE ........................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.3 SCOPE ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.4 STUDY TEAM, ROLES, AND TOD COUNCIL ENGAGEMENT ...................................................................................................... 11 1.4.1 Hawai‘i Interagency Council for Transit-Oriented Development (TOD Council) ................................................... 11 1.4.2 Project Coordinating Committee (PCC) ................................................................................................................ 12 1.4.3 TOD Priority Area Permitted Interaction Groups (TOD Priority Area Work Groups) ............................................ 12 1.5 STUDY PROCESS AND SCHEDULE ....................................................................................................................................... 13 1.6 STUDY APPROACH AND COMPONENTS .............................................................................................................................. 13 1.6.1 Preferred Land Use Scenario and TOD Potential .................................................................................................. 13 1.6.2 Infrastructure Requirements and Costs ............................................................................................................... 14 1.6.3 Infrastructure Funding Needs and Timeframes ................................................................................................... 17 1.6.4 Infrastructure Financing Options and Financial Analysis ..................................................................................... 18 1.7 ASSUMPTIONS AND CAVEATS ........................................................................................................................................... 18 2 EAST KAPOLEI TOD PRIORITY AREA ........................................................................................................................... 19 2.1 TOD CONTEXT: CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU EAST KAPOLEI NEIGHBORHOOD TOD PLAN .................................................... 19 2.2 PREFERRED LAND USE SCENARIO AND TOD POTENTIAL ........................................................................................................ 19 2.2.1 Major Landowners and TOD Projects in the East Kapolei TOD Priority Area ....................................................... 24 2.3 EAST KAPOLEI TOD PRIORITY AREA INFRASTRUCTURE ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................ 26 2.3.1 Sewer System ....................................................................................................................................................... 26 2.3.2 Water System ....................................................................................................................................................... 28 2.3.3 Drainage System .................................................................................................................................................. 32 2.3.4 Storm Water Quality ............................................................................................................................................ 33 2.3.5 Roadways and Circulation .................................................................................................................................... 34 2.3.6 Electrical and Telecommunication Systems ......................................................................................................... 36 2.3.7 Public Schools ....................................................................................................................................................... 38 2.3.8 Sustainability and District Systems ...................................................................................................................... 38 2.4 EAST KAPOLEI TOD PRIORITY AREA ROUGH ORDER OF MAGNITUDE (ROM) INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS .......................................... 39 2.5 KEY INFRASTRUCTURE ISSUES FOR THE EAST KAPOLEI TOD PRIORITY AREA............................................................................... 42 3 HĀLAWA-STADIUM TOD PRIORITY AREA .................................................................................................................. 45 3.1 TOD CONTEXT: CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU HĀLAWA AREA TOD PLAN .......................................................................... 45 3.2 PREFERRED LAND USE SCENARIO AND TOD POTENTIAL ........................................................................................................ 45 3.2.1 Major Landowners and TOD Projects in the Hālawa-Stadium TOD Priority Area ................................................ 50 3.3 HĀLAWA-STADIUM TOD PRIORITY AREA INFRASTRUCTURE ASSESSMENT ................................................................................ 51 3.3.1 Sewer System ......................................................................................................................................................