Väinamere Hoiuala Maismaaosa, Mõisaküla

Väinamere Hoiuala Maismaaosa, Mõisaküla

KINNITATUD Keskkonnaameti peadirektori 18.09.2018 käskkirjaga nr 1-2/18/13 Väinamere hoiuala maismaaosa, Mõisaküla panga, Puiskarjamaa, Pullapää panga ja Österbi hoiuala ning Heinlaiu, Kadakalaiu ja Suuremõisa merikotka püsielupaiga kaitsekorralduskava 2018‒2027 Keskkonnaamet 2018 SISUKORD 1. SISSEJUHATUS ........................................................................................................ 9 1.1 . ALA ISELOOMUSTUS ................................................................................... 9 1.2. MAAKASUTUS ............................................................................................... 12 1.3. HUVIRÜHMAD ............................................................................................... 14 1.4. KAITSEKORD ................................................................................................. 15 1.5. UURITUS .............................................................................................................. 16 1.5.1. Alal läbiviidud uuringud ja inventuurid .............................................................. 16 1.5.2. Riiklik seire ......................................................................................................... 18 1.5.3. Inventuuride ja uuringute vajadus ....................................................................... 20 2. VÄÄRTUSED JA KAITSE-EESMÄRGID ............................................................. 21 2.1. ELUSTIK ............................................................................................................... 21 2.1.1. Väinamere hoiuala linnustik ............................................................................... 21 2.1.1.1. Väinamere hoiuala haudelinnud ...................................................................... 22 2.1.1.2. Väinamere hoiualal läbirändavad ja peatuvad linnud ...................................... 24 2.1.1.3. Väinamere hoiuala lindude ohutegurid ja meetmed ........................................ 25 2.1.4.1. I kaitsekategooria linnuliigid ........................................................................... 28 2.1.1.4.1. Kalakotkas (Pandion haliaetus) ............................................................. 28 2.1.1.4.2. Kassikakk (Bubo bubo) ........................................................................... 29 2.1.1.4.3. Merikotkas (Haliaeetus albicilla) ........................................................... 30 2.1.1.4.4. Niidurüdi (Calidris alpina schinzii) ........................................................ 32 2.1.1.4.5. Tutkas (Philomachus pugnax) ................................................................ 34 2.1.1.4.6. Väike-laukhani (Anser erythropus) ........................................................ 35 2.1.1.5. II kaitsekategooria linnuliigid .......................................................................... 36 2.1.1.5.1 Hüüp (Botaurus stellaris) ......................................................................... 36 2.1.1.5.2. Kivirullija (Arenaria interpres) .............................................................. 37 2.1.1.5.3. Naaskelnokk (Recurvirostra avosetta) .................................................... 38 2.1.1.5.4. Soopart (Anas acuta) ............................................................................... 39 2.1.1.5.5. Räusktiir (Hydroprogne caspia) ............................................................. 40 2.1.1.5.6. Sooräts (Asio flammeus) ......................................................................... 41 2.1.1.5.7. Tutt-tiir (Sterna sandvicensis) ................................................................ 42 2.1.1.5.8. Tõmmukajakas (Larus fuscus) .............................................................. 42 2.1.1.5.9. Valgeselg-kirjurähn (Dendrocopos leucotos) ........................................ 43 2.1.1.5.10. Merivart (Aythya marila) ...................................................................... 44 2.1.1.5.11. Rohunepp (Gallinago media) ................................................................ 44 2.1.1.5.12. Mustsaba-vigle (Limosa limosa) ........................................................... 45 2.1.1.5.13. Väikekajakas (Larus minutus) ............................................................. 46 2.1.1.6. III kaitsekategooria ja teised kaitse-eesmärgiks olevad linnuliigid ................. 46 2.1.2. Imetajad............................................................................................................... 53 2.1.2.2. Saarmas (Lutra lutra) ................................................................................. 53 2.1.3. Kalad ................................................................................................................... 54 2.1.4. Selgrootud ........................................................................................................... 54 2.1.4.1. Liblikalised ...................................................................................................... 54 2.1.4.2. Limused............................................................................................................ 55 2.1.5. SOONTAIMED .................................................................................................. 56 2.1.5.1. Ranniku või muu kamardumata aladega seotud taimed .................................. 58 2.1.5.1.1. Madal unilook (Sisymbrium supinum) ................................................... 58 2 2.1.5.1.2. Emaputk (Angelica palustis)................................................................... 60 2.1.5.1.3. Randtarn (Carex extensa) ....................................................................... 61 2.1.5.1.4. Rand-soodahein (Suaeda maritima) ....................................................... 62 2.1.5.2. Inimpelglikud või vähest inimmõju eelistavad taimed .................................... 63 2.1.5.2.1. Kaunis kuldking (Cypripedium calceolus) ............................................. 63 2.1.5.2.2. Müür-raunjalg (Asplenium ruta-muraria) ............................................ 65 2.1.5.2.3 Pruun raunjalg (Asplenium trichomanes) .............................................. 65 2.1.5.3. Poollooduslike kooslustega seotud taimed ...................................................... 66 2.1.5.3.1. Soohiilakas (Liparis loeselii) ................................................................... 67 2.1.5.3.2. Aasnelk (Dianthus superbus) .................................................................. 68 2.1.5.3.3. Harilik muguljuur (Herminium monorchis) ......................................... 69 2.1.5.3.4. Kärbesõis (Ophrys insectifera) ............................................................... 70 2.1.6. Samblad............................................................................................................... 71 2.2. KOOSLUSED ........................................................................................................ 73 2.2.1. Rannikuelupaigad ............................................................................................... 73 2.2.1.1. Esmased rannavallid (1210) ...................................................................... 75 2.2.1.2. Püsitaimestikuga kivirannad (1220) ......................................................... 76 2.2.1.3. Merele avatud pankrannad (1230) ........................................................... 77 2.2.1.4. Soolakulised muda- ja liivarannad (1310) ............................................... 77 2.2.1.5. Väikesaared ja laiud (1620)....................................................................... 79 2.2.1.6. Püsitaimestuga liivarannad (1640) ........................................................... 80 2.2.2. Poollooduslikud elupaigad .................................................................................. 80 2.2.2.1. Rannaniidud (1630*) ................................................................................. 84 2.2.2.2. Kadastikud (5130) ...................................................................................... 86 2.2.2.3. Kuivad niidud lubjarikkal mullal (6210 ja 6210* ‒ olulised orhideede kasvukohad)............................................................................................................. 88 2.2.2.4. Liigirikkad niidud lubjavaesel mullal (6270*) ........................................ 90 2.2.2.5. Lood (alvarid; 6280*) ................................................................................ 92 2.2.2.6. Sinihelmikakooslused (6410) ..................................................................... 93 2.2.2.7 Niiskuslembed kõrgrohustud (6430) ......................................................... 95 2.2.2.8. Aas-rebasesaba ja ürt-punanupuga niidud (6510) ................................. 96 2.2.2.9. Puisniidud (6530*) ..................................................................................... 97 2.2.2.10. Puiskarjamaad (9070) .............................................................................. 99 2.2.3. SOOD JA VEE-ELUPAIGAD ......................................................................... 101 2.2.3.1 Jõed ja ojad (3260) .................................................................................... 102 2.2.3.2. Allikad ja allikasood (7160)..................................................................... 103 2.2.3.3. Lubjarikkad madalsood lääne-mõõkrohuga (7210*) ........................... 105 2.2.3.4. Liigirikkad madalsood (7230) ................................................................. 106 2.2.4. Metsaelupaigad

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