August 13‐16, 2018 Ruth Pike Auditorium, University Park, PA PROGRAM Thank you to our sponsors: The Great Glass Science Debate of the last Century Rustum C. Roy his August, Tunder the By L. David Pye, Carlo G. Pantano, direction of John C. Delbert E. Day, Minoru Tomozawa, Mauro and sponsor- Himanshu Jain, Richard K. Brow, John C. Mauro, and Adrian C.Wright ship by the American Ceramic Society, The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) will host the 20th University Conference on Glass Science. Announcement of this conference brought to mind the 6th in this series also held at Penn State in 1981 when a historic debate on the atomic structure of glass took place between two of the foremost and highly respected materials scientists of that time – the late Rustum C. Roy and Alfred R. Cooper. More about this debate below. For the record, under the leadership of Delbert E. Day and the late Norbert J. Kreidl, this series of conferences originated at The University of Missouri - Rolla, now Missouri University of Science and Technology(Missouri S&T). The first three in this series were convened in Rolla. In 1977, upon agreement reached by L. David Pye, Delbert E. Day, and the late Robert H. Doremus and Guy E. Rindone, the series was expanded to include Alfred University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute(RPI) and Penn State. The 4th in this newly formalized series was held at Alfred in 1977, the 5that RPI in 1979, the 6th at Penn State in 1981, and, after several rotations, Alfred R. Cooper the 14th at Lehigh University in 1997. The 21st is scheduled to be convened by Missouri S&T in 2020 with the theme “Water in Glass and Glass in Water.” As an aside, this series was inspired by another rotated among Alfred University, The University of Notre Dame, The University of California, ing saga of the development of theory related to the and The University of North Carolina only in this series, structure, properties, processing and application of glass. the theme was ceramic science. We should also be mindful that while there are The conference theme of the 1981 Penn State meet- many desired outcomes of science as a discipline, by ing was “Glass Microstructure: Surface and Bulk.” At far the greatest is developing theory for what can be the suggestion of Cooper, the opening session of this observed, measured, and validated. That is, the essence conference was dedicated to William H. Zachariasen of science is to predict. To obtain a full understanding who had authored fifty years earlier arguably one of the of glass structure theory, predications should involve most profound scientific contributions in the history both characterization and property measurements which of glass science, “The Atomic Arrangement in Glass.” in turn support processing and applications. Further, Intensely debated over its meaning and validity com- new theories are built on past successes. Thus, with its pared to other structural models, it gave rise to what emphasis on chemical bonding, localized structure and would become known as the random network model ion size, the RNT gave rise to the development of the (RNT) of glass structure. Cooper presented the keynote band and ligand field theories of glass and the strength- address of this session he entitled “W.H. Zachariasen – ening of glass by ion exchange. Similarly, structural the Melody Lingers On.” information obtained through advanced characterization Therein lies the origin of the debate alluded to methods, including computer simulations, are readily above. Shortly after the start of Cooper’s presentation, interpreted in terms of the localized structure described Roy entered the conference room joining those in by Zachariasen and later expanded by G.N.Greaves with attendance. At the end of Cooper’s presentation, the his “modified random network theory” for glass struc- usual polite questions were raised and answered with ture. This structure-based approach coupled with the corresponding politeness. Breaking with standard pre- kinetic theory of glass formation promoted by Roy and sentation protocol, Roy then joined Cooper on the developed by D.R. Uhlmann and others, has proved to presentation stage and proclaimed he fully agreed that be very useful in exploring new glass-forming systems. the “Zachariasen melody lingers on - the only trouble it Collectively, both considerations have paved the way for is off key.” Game on! Given the worldwide professional a greater understanding of the properties of glass and by standing of Cooper and Roy, it was a time for assistant extension, success or failure of industrial processing for professors to listen, learn, and remain silent. the making of glass for specific applications. Multiple overhead transparencies were utilized in A scheduled presentation by Adrian C. Wright at this support of respective points and counterpoints, beliefs year’s Glass and Optical Materials Division meeting in and counter beliefs, conclusions and counter conclusions San Antonio entitled “Oxide Glass Structure: Towards either for or against the validity of the Zachariasen model. a Working Hypothesis for the 21st Century,” and the In his presentation material, Cooper fully embraced the planned program for next year’s International Congress on model which he believed gave significant insight into the Glass forecasts there will be further refinements of various properties of glass and glass formation not only in oxide theories related to structure and glass formation in general. systems but metallic ones as well. Whereas, ostensibly In summary, the intent of this communication was to opposed to what he believed was an over embracement stop and take a look back at a seminal moment in the of the Zachariasen model by the international glass sci- history of glass science at the time which some believe is ence community, Roy argued several objections could be the arrival of the Glass Age and others - the emergence raised including the existence of inherent thermodynamic of the nanotechnology paradigm. Equally important was driving forces in glass forming systems which give rise to reaffirming the role glass plays in nearly all aspects of more ordered atomic structures - a viewpoint supported everyday life including communications, transportation, in part by theories of amorphous phase separation and architecture and healthcare among others. A recent arti- homogenous crystal nucleation. He further argued that cle in the Atlantic declaring glass as “Humankind’s Most glass formation is more of a kinetic than structure-based Important Material” gives support and meaning to all of phenomenon as set forth in the Zachariasen model. the above. In the end, the debate seemed to result in an amical Contact: L. David Pye is Dean Emeritus at Alfred draw between the two internationally renowned sci- University. Contact him at [email protected]. entists. That so many of us remember this moment to this day speaks to a belief we had witnessed a seminal Note—The essentials of this history will be published as a moment in the history of glass science. Letter to the Editor in the American Ceramic Society Bulletin, The enduring and perhaps greater meaning of this August 2018. debate is in realizing it was but one chapter in the on-go- PROGRAM AT A GLANCE Monday 2018 August 13 Presenter Title 7:30 Registration/breakfast 8:30 Opening remarks John C. Mauro 8:40 Opening Session (Session Chair: Arun Varshneya Chemically Strengthened Glass (T) John C. Mauro) 9:40 Mario Affatigato Thermophysical Properties of Glasses Measured using Aerolevitation (T) 10:40 Break 11:00 Shiv Prakash Singh Nanoglass: A prospective nanostructured glassy materials (T) 12:00 Lunch 1:20 Glass Mechanics Emily Aaldenberg Permanent Bending of Thin Glass Plates (R) 1:40 Nathan Card Design and testing of a large sub-hemispherical glass port for a deep-sea camera housing (R) 2:00 Kuo-Hao Lee Crack Initiation in an Indented Metallic Glass with Embedded Nanoparticle (R) 2:20 Nisha Sheth The effects of acid leaching on the mechanical properties of soda lime glass (R) 2:40 Xinyi Xu Flexural strength testing in lithium disilicate glass-ceramics (R) 3:00 Break 3:20 Glass Relaxation (Session Chair: John Mauro Glass Transition and Relaxation Behavior (T) Arun K. Varshneya) 4:20 Ozgur Gulbiten Viscous flow of medieval cathedral glass (R) 4:40 Optical Glasses (Session Chair: Arun Claudia Goncalves Ge20Te80-xSex Glasses as Materials for Far- K. Varshneya) Infrared Applications: a Theoretical and Spectroscopic Investigation (R) 5:00 Myungkoo Kang Ultra-Low Dispersion Multicomponent Thin Film Chalcogenide Glass for Broadband Gradient Index Optics (R) Tuesday 2018 August 14 8:00 Breakfast 8:40 Glass Structure (Session Chair: Nicholas Smith Important Aspects of Glass Surfaces in Modern Jincheng Du) Applications (T) 9:40 Seong Kim XPS and IR Analysis of Silicate Glass Network (T) 10:40 Break 11:00 S.K. Sundaram Terahertz Glass Science and Engineering (T) 12:00 Lunch 1:20 Alexis Clare Bond-Type Influence on Glass Structure (T) Thank you to our sponsors: pg. 4 (T) Tutorial Presentation (R) Research Presentation PROGRAM AT A GLANCE 2:20 Glass Structure cont. Gabriel Cocking The Introduction of 4+ cations in Nepheline glasses (R) 2:40 Nicholas Stone-Weiss Impact of pressure on structure and properties of sodium aluminoborosilicate glasses (R) 3:00 Break 3:20 Manzila Tuheen Structures of Lanthanum Phosphate and Aluminophosphate Glasses from Molecular Dynamics Simulations (R) 3:40 Zhe Wang Structure of Glassy Silica: Role of the Synthesis Method (R) 4:00 Bioactive Glasses (Session Chair: Yinan Lin Long-term bone regeneration, mineralization Liping Huang) and angiogenesis in rat calvarial defects implanted with strong porous bioactive glass (13–93) scaffolds (R) 4:20 Ionic Conductivity (Session Chair: Steve W. Martin New developments in fast in conducting Liping Huang) glasses: Towards enabling a new paradigm of high energy density and battery safety (T) 5:20 Steven J.