kimberley-mission 002coverforthesis.htm[5/04/2021 10:47:54 AM] MISSIOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTION MADE BY WOMEN IN SHIFTING STRUCTURES OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN EAST KIMBERLEY, W.A. BRIGIDA NAILON CSB B.Arts, B.Theol. Dip.Ed., M.Arts, PhD Brigidine Community Sunshine Nth Melbourne 2021 ] List of Plates 1 vii List of Maps x Summary xii ‘Statement of Authorship’ xiii Acknowledgements xiv INTRODUCTION Focus .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Changing Missiologies .......................................................................................................................... 1 Historical Background to Missions ....................................................................................................... 2 Five Catholic Missions Established in the Kimberley ........................................................................... 3 Sources ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 PART 1 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH VICARIATE IN WEST KIMBERLEY CHAPTER 1 SOCIAL CONTEXT OF ABORIGINAL PEOPLES AND CATHOLICISM 1829-1928 Land ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 West Australian Settlement 1829 ......................................................................................................... 11 Occupation of the Land ....................................................................................................................... 11 Exploration of the Kimberley .............................................................................................................. 12 Colonialism ......................................................................................................................................... 13 Dr Roth and the Royal Commission of 1904 ....................................................................................... 14 Protective Legislation and Institutionalism of Children of Mixed Descent ......................................... 15 Education for Aborigines .................................................................................................................... 15 Catholicism ......................................................................................................................................... 17 An Option for Aboriginal Society ........................................................................................................ 18 Encounter between Catholicism and Aborigines ................................................................................. 21 CHAPTER 2 ESTABLISHMENT AND HISTORY OF CATHOLIC KIMBERLEY MISSIONS 1884-1928 Fr Duncan McNab: Advocate for Aboriginal Rights .......................................................................... 26 First Catholic Mission in the Kimberley: Goodenough Bay Mission, 1884-1887 ............................... 28 Beagle Bay Mission, 1890 - 1990 - Cistercians and Pallottines.......................................................... 29 Cistercians .......................................................................................................................................... 29 Fr Emo’s School in Broome in 1897 ................................................................................................... 32 Pious Society of Missions - Pallottines ............................................................................................... 32 Church policy with regard to marriage ............................................................................................... 33 Missiology at Beagle Bay Mission ...................................................................................................... 34 The Issue of Property .......................................................................................................................... 35 Children of Mixed Descent at Beagle Bay Mission ............................................................................. 36 Property and Jurisdiction ................................................................................................................... 39 Drysdale River Mission - Founded 1908 ............................................................................................. 40 Lombadina Mission - Founded 1910................................................................................................... 41 World War 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 42 Redemptorist Administration ............................................................................................................... 44 The Nature of Mission ......................................................................................................................... 49 CHAPTER 3 EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN CHURCH WORKERS IN THE KIMBERLEY MISSIONS 1884-1928 Aboriginal and Filipino Women .......................................................................................................... 53 Corporate Experience of white Female Religious ............................................................................... 53 Aboriginal ways of Imparting Knowledge ........................................................................................... 54 New level of Relationships Between Peoples ...................................................................................... 54 Religious Women Share the Missionary venture ................................................................................. 55 Sisters come to Broome ....................................................................................................................... 61 Sisters come to Lombadina ................................................................................................................. 62 Provision of Different Services to the Wider Community .................................................................... 64 Sisters during Wartime ....................................................................................................................... 66 Sisters to Sydney ................................................................................................................................. 66 Theories about Women’s Work ........................................................................................................... 68 Motivation of Female Missionaries ..................................................................................................... 69 CHAPTER 4 EXPERIENCES OF ABORIGINAL WOMEN AND MEN IN BEAGLE BAY, LOMBADINA AND DRYSDALE MISSIONS 1890-1928 Keeper of..t.h..e...S..o..n..g...s................................................................ ....... 73. Leonie Widjie......................................................................................... 75 Elizabeth Fidelis Victor ......................................................................... 76 Magdalen Williams............................................................................... 76 Remi Balagai ........................................................................................ 78. The Filipino community in Broome and Beagle Bay ............................. 78 Lawrence Clarke.................................................................................... 80. Charlie Norman and Paddy Merandjin ................................................. 81. The Gathering of Children.................................................................... 82. Joseph Dugal ......................................................................................... 85. Martha Hughes ...................................................................................... 86. Nancy Leo .............................................................................................. 86. Policy Decisions .................................................................................... 86 The Mud Brick Church of Beagle Bay ................................................... 87 Women at Drysdale River Mission ........................................................ 88 A New Mission Sub-culture ................................................................... 89 ii PART 2 BEGINNINGS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE EAST AND CONSOLIDATION IN THE WEST 1928-1946 CHAPTER 5 CONTEXT OF KIMBERLEY CATHOLIC MISSIONS 1928-1946 Social attitudes Reinforced by Legislation ........................................... 92 Argument for Aboriginal Leadership..................................................... 95 Assimilation .......................................................................................... 96 Increase in numbers of children of mixed descent................................. 96. Evidence given before H. D. Moseley.................................................... 97 Ernest Charles Mitchell......................................................................... 98 Violet May Landon ............................................................................... 98 Victor Webster ....................................................................................... 98 Discrimination against Aboriginal women ‘under the Act’................... 99 Education..............................................................................................