NOTRE DAME SEMINARY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY Course Syllabus for HT 507 Catholicism in U.S. History Instructor: Rev. Mark S. Raphael, Ph.D. Semester: Fall 2014 Email: [email protected] Time: Tu., Th., Fri. 1:30 to 4 pm Office Hours: By appointment Place: Classroom 5 Phone: 866‐7426 I. Course Description The course covers the particular development of the Catholic Church in what is today the United States, from the European colonization through the Second Vatican Council. The purpose of the course is to trace the origins of the separate traditions of colonial Catholicism and study how they subsequently developed. Particular attention is given to the external influences which prompted internal changes in American Catholicism such as: the creation of the constitutional secular republic, the waves of Catholic immigrants who relocated to the United States beginning in the early nineteenth century, the recurring episodes of anti-Catholicism which caused American Catholicism to become hyper-patriotic, the post-World War II social and moral engagement with larger historical trends such as gender/civil rights, economic movements, government policy, and bioethics. The course will end in the post-Vatican II period, with a reflection on the current state of the Church in light of its history. II. Course Rationale The religious history of the United States presents particular problems of interpretation owing to its disparate origins. In the colonial period the territory that would become the United States was under the political sovereignty of two rival Catholic European powers, Spain and France, as well as an enemy Protestant power, England. When the thirteen English colonies gained their political sovereignty, they organized themselves under a Constitution that was heavily influenced by Enlightenment Rationalism, yet remaining in tension with strong Protestant influences of Calvinism and Anglicanism. It was this compromise Constitutionalism of official state secularism that was imposed on the former colonial territory of France and Spain to create the United States of America. Coming to terms with the implications of these origins is essential in understanding the impact of slavery and of Catholic immigration that occurred in the Modern Period, up to this day. III. Course Goals/Intended Outcomes Envisioned Outcomes: Seminarians will be familiar with important texts in American Catholic History. They will be able to outline the major developments in Catholic history and theology in the United States. Finally, they will be able to explain the various contemporary situations in the American Catholic experience, making specific reference to its historical and theological milieu. IV. Instructional Methods (1) Lecture (2) Socratic Method (3) Student Research project V. Texts (Required) (1) Mark Massa (ed), Catherine Osbourne (contributor), American Catholic History: A Documentary Reader (NYU Press, April 1, 2008); ISBN-13: 978-0814757468. (2) John T. McGreevy, Catholicism and American Freedom: A History (W. W. Norton & Company, September 17, 2004); ISBN-13: 978-0393326086. VI. Bibliography (1) Richard D. Heffner (ed), A Documentary History of the United States (7th ed); ISBN: 978- 0-451-20748-7. (2) John T. McGreevy, Catholicism and American Freedom: A History (W. W. Norton & Company, September 17, 2004); ISBN-13: 978-0393326086. (3) Mark Massa, Anti-Catholicism in America: The Last Acceptable Prejudice (The Crossroad Publishing Company; 2nd edition, October 1, 2005); ISBN-13: 978- 0824523626. (4) Jon Meacham, American Gospel: God, the Founding Fathers, and the Making of a Nation (Random House Trade Paperbacks, March 20, 2007);ISBN-13: 978-0812976663. (5) Cyprian Davis, O.S.B. History of Black Catholics in the United States (Crossroad Publishing Company, 1995); ISBN: 0-8245-1495-5. (6) 978-0-451-53021-9: M. Jerry Weiss and Helen Weiss (eds), The Signet Book of American Essays. (7) 978-0-451-52824-7: Henry Louis Gates, Jr. (ed), The Classic Slave Narratives. Supplemental Reference Material in NDS Library Reference Room: 1) Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, 2 volumes; ed. Norman P. Tanner, S.J. (Sheed and Ward, 1990); [NDS Ref. Room: 263.003 TAN] 2) New Cambridge Modern History, 14 volumes; (Cambridge University Press, 1957- 1970); [NDS Ref. Room: 940.2 CAM]. 3) A Dictionary of Christian Biography, 4 volumes; eds. William Smith and Henry Wace (New York, AMS Press). [NDS Ref. Room: 920.03 SMi] 4) New Catholic Encyclopedia, 15 volumes, (The Catholic University of America, 2003); [NDS Ref. Room: R 013 NEW]. 5) Dictionary of the History of Ideas, 5 volumes, Philip P. Weiner, general editor (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1973); [NDS Ref. Room: 901.9 WiE] 6) The Encyclopedia of Christianity, 5 volumes, (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.); [ NDS Ref. Room: 230.003 ENC] 7) Journal: The Ecclesiastical Review [NDS Ref. Room: 90534] 9) Journal: Catholic Historical Review [NDS Ref. Room: 92129] 10) Journal of Church and State [NDS Ref. Room: 95714] 11) The Encyclopedia of Protestantism, 4 Volumes, [NDS Ref. Room: R 280.4 ENC]. 12) Encyclopedia of American Catholic History, [NDS Ref. Room: 282.73 ENC] 13) Pastoral Letters of the US Catholic Bishops, 6 volumes [NDS Ref. Room: 282.73 CAT]. Supplemental Reference Material in NDS Library General Circulation Stacks: Note that the sources given are only a small sample; the reference number is given because similar sources can be found in those locations in the library. In the general circulation area of the library, the following sections are relevant to our course: 271 (Religious Orders); 277 (US Catholic History); 970-986 (General American History). 1) Sources of American Spirituality, 20 vols. NDS: 248.08 SOU. 2) Documents of American Catholic History, 3 vols. NDS: 282.73 ELL. 3) Aaron I. Abell, American Catholic Thought on Social Questions (NY: Bobbs-Merril, 1965). NDS: 261.83.ABE. 4) Henry J. Browne, The Catholic Church and the Knights of Labor (CUA, 1949). NDS: 267.244.Bro. 5) Christopher J. Kauffman, Faith and Fraternalism: The History of the Knights of Columbus, 1882-1982 (NY: Harper and Row, 1982). NDS: 267.24 Kau. 6) Richard J. Regan, American Pluralism and the Catholic Conscience (NY: Macmillan, 1963). NDS: 261.7 REG. 7) Auson Stokes and Leo Pfeffer, Church and State in the United States (NY: Harper and Row, 1950). NDS: 261.7 STO. VII. Professional Vocabulary Acculturation is the process of learning norms of other cultures in order to facilitate interaction: e.g. obeying laws, paying taxes, language acquisition, trade practices, etc… thereby attaining advantageous differential access to power and resources. Americanism: Name given to an erroneous ecclesiology condemned by Pope Leo XIII in 1899 for asserting that the American system of quarantining religion from public life, by means of a constitutional separation of church and state, was an ideal that should be pursued by the entire Catholic world. Note: Pope Leo did NOT condemn the United States, nor did he forbid Catholics from participating in civic life of the nation. He merely clarified that the church could not propose as an ideal that it should be restricted from access to public civic life. Patriotism and legitimate love of one’s country ARE entirely acceptable, even if a Catholic must abhor certain laws and policies of their country. See the Catechism of the Catholic Church for correct teaching on “Participation in Social Life,” and “The Common Good,” and “Responsibility and Participation,” in numbers 1897 through 1927. Caesaropapism: An erroneous ecclesiology constructed on the assertion that the supreme secular authority should also have ultimate control of the church in his/her land; the most complete implementation is to be found in Anglicanism, in which the English monarch is the head of the church. Conciliarism: An erroneous ecclesiology designed to undermine the Petrine Office by asserting that the fullness of ecclesial authority, both jurisdictional and magisterial, resided in a Church Council, which could function apart from the Pope and even depose a Pope. This movement was condemned as heretical by Pope Pius II in 1460, and again by the First Vatican Council (1869‐70). The current Code of Canon Law stipulates that appeal against an act of the Roman Pontiff to a Council is punishable by censure (CIC, 1983, canon 1372). Council (Ecumenical): A gathering of bishops summoned by the Pope, which pronounces on matters of faith and morals at the magisterial level; Conciliar pronouncements become universally binding on the faithful after the decrees have been approved and promulgated by the Pope. So far, there have been twenty‐one such legitimate Councils, from Nicaea I (325 A.D.), to Vatican II (1962‐1965). See Canons 336 through 334 (CIC, 1983), and numbers 883 and 883 (CCC, 2nd ed., 1997). Council (diocesan or provincial): Meeting of church leaders convoked by legitimate authority empowered to deliberate and enact decrees that are binding on the faithful with the force of particular law. Such councils are subordinate in authority to an Ecumenical Council as well as to the Pope when exercising his Petrine Office. See Canons 439 through 459 (CIC, 1983). Culture: [Latin colere, “to till, care for, attend to, cultivate;” cult, “care, attention to a diety.” Definition: An interwoven and interdependent pattern of knowledge, beliefs, and norms of behavior facilitating the organic process by means of which an individual becomes self‐aware and comes to an understanding of the world. For authentic Catholic teaching