The Land Matters Report By Chriszelda Muenjo & Clever Mapaure With support of the Institute for Foreign Cultural Relations (ifa) with means of the German Federal Foreign Office. © Muenjo, Mapaure, Schütte i ABOUT THE AUTHORS................................................................................................................... VI FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................................VII PREFACE.............................................................................................................................................13 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................14 CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................................................16 BACKGROUND TO LAND REFORM IN NAMIBIA .....................................................................16 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................16 2. LAND TENURE SYSTEMS BEFORE INDEPENDENCE .........................................................16 2.1 THE PRE-COLONIAL ERA ..............................................................................................................16 2.2 UNDER GERMAN ADMINISTRATION .............................................................................................17 2.3 UNDER SOUTH AFRICAN ADMINISTRATION (1915-1990) ......................................................20 2.3.1 CROWN LAND ...............................................................................................................................................20 2.3.2 EFFECTS OF THE CROWN LAND DISPOSAL ORDINANCE.......................................................................22 2.3.3 LAND TENURE IN FORMER HOMELANDS.................................................................................................24 3. POST COLONIAL LAND TENURE SYSTEMS..........................................................................26 3.1 THE LAND ISSUE AFTER INDEPENDENCE......................................................................................26 3.2 THE CONSTITUTION ......................................................................................................................28 3.3 THE AGRICULTURAL (COMMERCIAL LAND) REFORM ACT .........................................................29 3.3.1 WILLING BUYER WILLING SELLER UNDER THE ACT.............................................................................30 3.3.2 COMPULSORY ACQUISITION OF LAND ......................................................................................................33 3.3.3 LAND TRIBUNALS.........................................................................................................................................36 3.3.4 LAND REFORM ADVISORY COMMISSION AND LAND ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT FUND....37 3.3.5 THE CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE LAND POLICY PROCESS ..........................................................................38 4. THE PHILOSOPHY OF LAND REDISTRIBUTION IN NAMIBIA........................................38 4.1 LAND REFORM FOR DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................................39 4.2 A TOOL FOR THE ACHIEVEMENT OF EQUALITY ...........................................................................40 5. EMERGING COMMERCIAL FARMERS UNDER THE LAND REFORM PROCESS..........41 6. CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................................46 CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................................................48 EXISTING INITIATIVES TOWARDS SUPPORTING EMERGING FARMERS.......................48 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................48 2. THE STRUCTURES OF THE NAMIBIA EMERGING COMMERCIAL FARMERS’ FORUM(NECFF)................................................................................................................................49 3. ACTIVITIES OF THE NECFF ......................................................................................................50 3.1 ESTABLISHMENT AND STRENGTHENING OF NECF ORGANIZATIONS .........................................51 3.1.1 FACILITATION OF THE STRENGTHENING OF FARMERS’ FOCUS GROUPS AND LINK UP WITH EXISTING FARMER GROUPS ....................................................................................................................................51 3.1.3 FACILITATION OF REGULAR M&E&A MEETINGS BETWEEN FARMERS’ FOCUS GROUPS AND SERVICE PROVIDERS................................................................................................................................................56 3.1.4 PROMOTION OF THE BENEFITS AND ADVANTAGES OF ORGANIZED AGRICULTURE TO FARMERS’ ASSOCIATIONS..........................................................................................................................................................56 3.1.5 SUPPORTING FARMERS’ ASSOCIATIONS IN ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING.........................56 3.2 ENHANCEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS OF ECFS...............................................................57 3.2.1 RAISING AWARENESS AMONGST INFORMATION GENERATORS (RESEARCH, EXTENSION, RADIO, PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS) ABOUT THE INFORMATION NEEDS OF EMERGING COMMERCIAL FARMERS......57 3.2.2 RE-PACKAGING EXISTING INFORMATION AMONGST FARMERS FOR THE NEEDS OF EMERGING AND ESTABLISHED COMMERCIAL FARMERS ................................................................................................................58 3.2.3 SUPPORTING PARTICIPATION OF EMERGING COMMERCIAL FARMERS IN FARMERS’ DAYSAND INFORMATION DAYS................................................................................................................................................58 3.2.4 IDENTIFYING SPECIFIC COMPETENCY GAPS .............................................................................................59 3.2.5 IMPLEMENTATING PRE-SETTLEMENT ORIENTATION COURSES...........................................................59 3.2.6 ORGANISING REGULAR INFORMATION SHARING EXCURSIONS.............................................................60 3.2.7 FACILITATING REWARD SYSTEMS FOR EXCELLENCE AMONGST EMERGING FARMERS.....................60 3.2.8 ORGANISING TOPIC-RELATED SHORT COURSES......................................................................................61 3.2.9 FACILITATION OF ONGOING ON-SITE TRAINING/MENTORING/COACHING........................................62 3.2.10 ORGANISING CORRESPONDENCE TRAINING AND SUMMER SCHOOLS ...............................................67 3.2.11SUPPORTING CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA EDUCATION OF FARMERS.......................................................67 3.2.12 DEVELOP AND DISTRIBUTE ON-FARM RECORD-KEEPING BOOKLET.................................................67 3.2.13 CREATING LINKS BETWEEN EMERGING COMMERCIAL FARMERS AND SERVICE PROVIDERS (E.G. UNAM AND POLYTECH, INTERNSHIPS, PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS)..................................................................68 3.2.14 ORGANISING FARMERS’ AND INFORMATION DAYS ..............................................................................68 3.3 STRENGTHENING ECFSP MANAGEMENT .....................................................................................69 3.3.1 ESTABLISHING PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT..................................................................................69 3.3.2 SECURING APPROPRIATE TRANSPORT......................................................................................................69 3.3.3 SUPPORTING THE FUNCTIONING OF THE PROJECT’S NATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE.......70 3.3.4 SUPPORTING THE FUNCTIONING OF THE PROJECT’S REGIONAL INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES .....70 3.3.5 SECURING OFFICE SPACE AND EQUIPMENT OFFICES..............................................................................70 3.3.6 MONITORING PROJECT OPERATIONS ........................................................................................................70 3.3.7 CONDUCTING AUDITING SERVICES ............................................................................................................70 3.3.8 TRAINING STAFF...........................................................................................................................................70 4. SUPPORT THROUGH THE EMERGING COMMERCIAL FARMERS SUPPORT PROGRAMME (ECFSP)....................................................................................................................71 5. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT IN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT .................................................73 CHAPTER 3 ........................................................................................................................................75 LAND MATTERS FILM: FIELD SCREENINGS AND THE REACTIONS TO THE FILM.......75 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE FIELD SCREENINGS.............................75 2. FIRST PHASE ................................................................................................................................76 2.1 DRIMIOPSIS RESETTLEMENT SCHEME .........................................................................................76