NAT'L INST. OF STAND & TECH NIST PUBLICATIONS AlllQb DflBEME m;>i sipeciai HUDiicaiion 974 Proceedings NIST ennia ards ymposium Standards in the Global Econo Past, Present, and Future Editors: Mary Jo DiBernardo Belinda L Collins Walter G. Leight Sponsored by: National Institute of Standards and Technology Technology Administration U.S. Department of Commerce NIST Special Publication 974 Proceedings of the NIST Centennial Standards Symposium Standards in the Global Economy: Past, Present, and Future Mary Jo DiBernardo Belinda L. Collins Walter G. Leight Office of Standards Services Technology Services National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001 January 2002 U.S. Department of Commerce Donald L. Evans, Secretary Technology Administration Phillip J. Bond, Under Secretary for Technology National Institute of Standards and Technology Arden L. Bement, Jr., Director Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 974 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 974, 164 pages (January 2002) CODEN: NSPUE2 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 2002 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov — Phone: (202) 512-1800 — Fax: (202)512-2250 Mail Stop SSOP Washington, DC 20402-0001 Abstract: On March 7, 2001, in honor of its 100 anniversary, the National Institute of Standards and Technology sponsored the NIST Centennial Standards Symposium. Representatives of the public and private sector celebrated the role that NIST has played in standards in a variety of industry sectors and in partnership with numerous organizations. This publication is a compila- tion of speeches and presentations from multiple speakers on various standards-related topics. Key Words: Building & Construction, Centennial, Conformity Assessment, Global Standards, Information Technology, Manufacturing, Materials, National Standards Strategy, Optical Sensing, Partnerships, Semiconductors, Standards, Standards Developing Organizations, Symposium, Transporta- tion. iii Table of Contents Introduction 1 Belinda L. Collins Deputy Director, NIST Technology Sen'ices Global Standards: Policies & Politics 3 Opening Remarks 5 Richard Kayser Director, NIST Technology Services Global Standards in a Shifting Economy 6 Arati Prabhakar Former NIST Director ANSI's Role in ISO and lEC 10 Oliver Smoot ANSI Chairman Standards Wars: Past, Present, and Future 14 Lawrence Richer Secretary General, International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 2P' Century Prospects 19 Mathias FUnfschilling President, International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC) Information Technology 23 Trends in Information Technology and Telecommunications Standards 25 Ed Roney Corporate Vice President & Director of Standards and Technology Transfer, Motorola Challenges in IT Standards Development 30 Michael Hogan Standards Liaison, NIST Information Technology Laboratory Semiconductors and Optical Sensing 35 Semiconductor Technology: The Infrastructure That Lies Beneath 37 Robert Scace Fonner Director, NIST National Semiconductor Metrology Program From Light Bulbs to LEDs: How to Measure What we See 42 Katharine Gebbie Director, NIST Physics Laboratory Transportation, Materials, & Manufacturing 49 Planes, Trains, & Automobiles: Standards for 21" Century Transport 51 Keith Termaat Manager, RVT Cross Platform Exteriors/Closures, Ford Motor Company From Promising to Practical: How Standards Help Bring New Materials to the Market 53 Stephen Freiman Chief of the Ceramics Division, NIST Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory From Bolts to Bytes: Paving the Way to Intelligent Manufacturing 58 Howard Bloom Acting Director, NIST Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory V Building & Construction 69 Putting Safety First 71 Casey Grant Assistant Vice President, Code & Standards Administration, NFPA International Saved Lives and Better Buildings: Technical Contributions That Make a Difference 80 Jack Snell Director NIST Building and Fire Research Laboratory Standards Partnerships 87 100 Years of ASME and NIST Private Public Partnering 89 June Ling Associate Executive Director, Codes & Standards, ASME Standards for Public Benefit 93 James Thomas President, ASTM National Standards Strategy for the United States 95 National Standards Strategy Panel Discussion 97 Raymond Rammer Former NIST Director Introductoiy Remarks Mark Hurwitz ANSI President & CEO Moderator Panelists: Oliver Smoot, ANSI; Steven Oksala, SCTE; James Thomas, ASTM; Gregory Saunders, DOD; Mary McKiel, EOA; Robert Noth, John Deere; Belinda Collins, NIST History & Perspectives 109 Setting the Standard: NIST/NBS at 100 Years Ill Lewis Branscomb Aetna Professor of Public Policy and Corporate Management Emeritus John F. Kennedy School of Government, Han'ard University and Former NBS Director Closing Remarks 118 Richard Kayser Appendices 119 Appendix A. National Standards Strategy for the United States 121 Appendix B. NSS Panelist Q & A 137 Appendix C. Biographies 143 Appendix D. Final Participants List 153 Appendix E. Exhibitors 173 vi Introduction The National Institute of Standards and Technology will use them; when the process is open, flexible, and (NIST) and the Office of Standards Services in meets the needs of the users. In the United States, Technology Services conducted this Symposium on government has not driven the process, but rather has Standards in a Global Economy as a celebration of the served as an active participant and willing beneficiary. long-standing partnership of industry, standards devel- We have challenged standards developers to create an oping organizations, government agencies, and NIST. environment in which all interested parties can come We spent the last 100 years working on it (!) with the together to use sound research and technology hope that the participants would enjoy it as much as we as the foundation for standards in a wide variety of enjoyed planning it. NIST has considered itself very technologies. lucky over the years to have had the best partners Since its beginning, the U.S. standards system that any organization could want. This Centennial has been rooted in flexibility. Symposium speakers Symposium highlighted that incredibly positive discussed various processes for developing standards, relationship. including the formal standards process, the fast-moving Through this unique partnership we have developed consortium approach, hybrid partnership projects, together, standards that have met, and will continue to and pre-standardization research. These options allow meet, needs for sound and innovative technology and for standards to be created to meet the differing needs of protection of health, safety, and the environment. The different sectors. Concerns about speed and timeliness developmental systems that have evolved through these may drive one process; concerns about health, safety partnerships have met both national needs and global and protection drive another approach; and concerns needs. These standards are driven by need, not mandate, about accuracy and reliability drive still another. Yet, and are created by industry, experts, academics, govern- these approaches borrow from one another in a fluid ment representatives, consumers, and others. The volun- fashion depending on the demands of a particular sector tary standards they produce are frequently embedded in or interest group. The resulting standards must also meet national, state, and local laws and regulations, as well as the test of a business case: Will they satisfy purposes in products and services used around the world. for which they were designed? If so, they will be used; Interest in the unique U.S. system was evidenced by if not, time and money will have been wasted to produce the attendees at this Symposium from around the documents that sit, untouched, on shelves. world, including 20 professional experts from the Against the backdrop of partnership, the Symposium telecommunications industry in Russia and the Newly covered an amazing breadth and depth in current and Independent States. past technical activities in standards. These activities This Symposium was designed to provide examples were organized along sectoral lines since that is the way of past successes in standards, timely discussions of that we in the United States approach standards. trends, and identification of future needs in a variety of Speakers from industry, standards developing organiza- important technological and policy areas. Participants tions, and NIST discussed standards, achievements, and included leaders in the global policy and standards the future in a variety of areas. These included telecom- arena, with representatives of the American National munications, information technology, semi-conductors, Standards Institute (ANSI), the International Organiza- optical technology, transportation, materials, manufac- tion for Standardization (ISO), the International Electro- turing, building and construction, and fire safety. They technical Commission (lEC), the American Society of stressed the importance of a strong foundation in Mechanical Engineers (ASME),