Fungi Fundamentals What is Biology? What is life? Seven common components to all life forms. What are fungi? How do fungi compare to other organisms on the tree of life? What are fungi? • Eukaryotic What are fungi? • Eukaryotic • Multicellular / Filamentous What are fungi? • Eukaryotic • Multicellular / Filamentous • Heterotrophic What are fungi? • Eukaryotic • Multicellular / Filamentous • Heterotrophic • Sessile/non-motile = “Vegetative” What are fungi? • Eukaryotic • Multicellular / Filamentous • Heterotrophic • Sessile/non-motile = “Vegetative” • Reproduce via spores (sexual & asexual) Kingdom Fungi • Eukaryotic • Multicellular / Filamentous • Heterotrophic • Sessile/non-motile = “Vegetative” • Reproduce via spores (sexual & asexual) Kingdom Fungi • Eukaryotic • Multicellular / Filamentous • Heterotrophic hyphae • Sessile/non-motile = “Vegetative” • Reproduce via spores (sexual & asexual) mycelium Kingdom Fungi Symbiotic Fungi • Eukaryotic • Multicellular / Filamentous • Heterotrophic • Sessile/non-motile = “Vegetative” • Reproduce via spores (sexual & asexual) Mycorrhizal mutualists Parasitic / Pathogenic Fungi Decay fungi “saprotrophic” Mycology: Laboratory Homework Fungi Are Everywhere! - Expose Malt Extract Agar Petri dishes to the environment of your home. Overnight. Anywhere you want. - Label plate and seal with parafilm. - Wait 3 days. - Record what grows on days 4-6. Bring back next week! Mycology: Laboratory Homework Fungi Are Everywhere! - Expose Malt Extract Agar Petri dishes to the environment of your home. Overnight. Anywhere you want. - Label plate and seal with parafilm. - Wait 3 days. - Record what grows on days 4-6. Bring back next week! Mycology: Laboratory Homework Growing Mushrooms! - Buy some mushrooms from the grocery store and bring them in next week so we can start growing them. Biological Diversity Species concepts Morphological species concept: species can be differentiated from each other by physical features. Not all mushrooms are alike. Biological Diversity Species concepts - Successful use of the morphological species concept in fungi. Dennis Desjardin - San Francisco State University Arizona State University’s Top 10 species discoveries 3- years in a row. Biological Diversity Fungi - A taste of fungal diversity 2010 - Phallus drewsii Biological Diversity Fungi - A taste of fungal diversity 2011 - Mycena luxaeterna Biological Diversity Fungi - A taste of fungal diversity 2012 - Spongiforma Biological Diversity Fungi - A taste of fungal diversity 2012 - Spongiforma squarepantsii Arizona State Fungal Diversity University’s Fungi - A taste of fungal diversityTop 10 species discoveries 3- years in a row. 2010 - Phallus drewsii 2011 - Mycena luxaeterna 2012 - Spongiforma squarepantsii Assembling The Tree of Life Project “In biology, phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relatedness among groups of organisms (e.g. species, populations), which is discovered through molecular sequencing data and morphological data matrices.” – Wikipedia Assembling The Tree of Life Project “In biology, phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relatedness among groups of organisms (e.g. species, populations), which is discovered through molecular sequencing data and morphological data matrices.” – Wikipedia Assembling The Tree of Life Project “In biology, phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relatedness among groups of organisms (e.g. species, populations), which is discovered through molecular sequencing data and morphological data matrices.” Wings Tails – Wikipedia 4 Legs Assembling The Tree of Life Project “In biology, phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relatedness among groups of organisms (e.g. species, populations), which is discovered through molecular sequencing data and morphological data matrices.” Eggs Live birth – Wikipedia Mammaries Assembling The Tree of Life Project “In biology, phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relatedness among groups of organisms (e.g. species, populations), which is discovered through molecular sequencing data and morphological data matrices.” – Wikipedia Assembling The Tree of Life Project “In biology, phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relatedness among groups of organisms (e.g. species, populations), which is discovered through molecular Gelatinized sequencing data and Earthstars tissues morphological data Mushrooms! matrices.” – Wikipedia Assembling The Tree of Life Project “In biology, phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relatedness among groups of organisms (e.g. species, populations), which is discovered through molecular Puffballs sequencing data and Mycorrhizal morphological data Puffballs matrices.” – Wikipedia Mushrooms! Assembling The Tree of Life Project Phylogenetic Trees •Taxonomic Relationships •Ecological Relationships •Evolutionary History •Geographic Distributions / Biogeography •Gene Evolution •Discovery and more.... How to perceive phylogenetic trees “Trees”Trees = PhylogeniesPhylogen How to perceive phylogenetic trees PhylogeneticPhylogen Trees Trees = How to perceive phylogenetic trees Phylogenetic Trees = = Fungi among eukaryotes Oomycetes Plants (water molds) Myxogastria (Slime molds) Dictyostelids (Slime molds) Animals True Fungi Assembling The Fungal Tree of Life Project Much like biological relationships, phylogenies can be complex (James et al. 2008 Nature) Assembling The Tree of Life Project Today we’ll discuss some of the basic groups of fungi (James et al. 2008 Nature) Assembling The Fungal Tree of Life Project Fungi Dikarya Basidiomycota Ascomycota Glomeros Zygos Chitrids To plants and other eukaryotes Animals (James et al. 2008 Nature) Assembling The Fungal Tree of Life Project Fungi Dikarya Basidiomycota Ascomycota Glomeros Zygos Chitrids To plants and other eukaryotes Animals (James et al. 2008 Nature) Assembling The Fungal Tree of Life Project Chytrid fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Chytridiomycosis is thought to be the cause of declining amphibian populations worldwide (James et al. 2008 Nature) Assembling The Fungal Tree of Life Project Fungi Dikarya Basidiomycota Ascomycota Glomeros Zygos Chitrids To plants and other eukaryotes Animals (James et al. 2008 Nature) Assembling The Fungal Tree of Life Project Glomeromycota Form mycorrhizal relationships with >80% of plants. (James et al. 2008 Nature) Assembling The Fungal Tree of Life Project Fungi Dikarya Basidiomycota Ascomycota Glomeros Zygos Chitrids To plants and other eukaryotes Animals (James et al. 2008 Nature) Assembling The Fungal Tree of Life Project Basidiomycota Pucciniomycotina = “Rusts” Ustilaginomycotina = “Smuts” RustsPuccinia and sp. smuts are major plant Ustilago maydis AKA huitlacoche pathogens (James et al. 2008 Nature) Assembling The Fungal Tree of Life Project Basidiomycota Agaricomycotina (James et al. 2008 Nature) Assembling The Tree of Life Project Basidiomycota Agaricomycotina Spongiforma squarepantsii Phallus drewsii Mycena luxaeterna(James et al. 2008 Nature) Assembling The Tree of Life Project Ascomycota Fungi Dikarya Basidiomycota Ascomycota Glomeros Zygos Chitrids To plants and other eukaryotes Animals (James et al. 2008 Nature) Assembling The Tree of Life Project Ascomycota (James et al. 2008 Nature) Fungi Dikarya Basidiomycota Ascomycota Glomeros Zygos Chitrids To plants and other eukaryotes Animals .