Chapter 6 ENUMERATION . ENUMERATION The spermatophytic plants with their accepted names as per The Plant List [http://www.theplantlist.org/ ], through proper taxonomic treatments of recorded species and infra-specific taxa, collected from Gorumara National Park has been arranged in compliance with the presently accepted APG-III (Chase & Reveal, 2009) system of classification. Further, for better convenience the presentation of each species in the enumeration the genera and species under the families are arranged in alphabetical order. In case of Gymnosperms, four families with their genera and species also arranged in alphabetical order. The following sequence of enumeration is taken into consideration while enumerating each identified plants. (a) Accepted name, (b) Basionym if any, (c) Synonyms if any, (d) Homonym if any, (e) Vernacular name if any, (f) Description, (g) Flowering and fruiting periods, (h) Specimen cited, (i) Local distribution, and (j) General distribution. Each individual taxon is being treated here with the protologue at first along with the author citation and then referring the available important references for overall and/or adjacent floras and taxonomic treatments. Mentioned below is the list of important books, selected scientific journals, papers, newsletters and periodicals those have been referred during the citation of references. Chronicles of literature of reference: Names of the important books referred: Beng. Pl. : Bengal Plants En. Fl .Pl. Nepal : An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Fasc.Fl.India : Fascicles of Flora of India Fl.Brit.India : The Flora of British India Fl.Bhutan : Flora of Bhutan Fl.E.Him. : Flora of Eastern Himalaya Fl.India : Flora of India Fl Indi. : Flora Indica Fl.West Bengal : Flora of West Bengal Prodr.Fl.Nepal : Prodromus florae Nepalensis Pl.As.Rar. : Plantae Asiaticae Rariores Pl.Wilson : Plantae Wilsonianae Tr. Nor. Bengal : The Trees of Northern Bengal 44 Goutam Saha FOC : e-Flora of China Nam. Change. Flr. Pl. : Name changes in flowering plants by S. S. R. Bennett. Names of the journal referred: Bull.As.Soc.Beng. : Bulletin of Asiatic Society of Bengal Bull.Bot.Sur.Ind. : Bulletin of Botanical Survey of India Jour.Arn.Arb. : Journal of Arnold Arboretum Jour.Beng.Nat.Hist.Soc.: Journal of Bengal Natural History Society Jour.Bomb.Nat.Hist.Soc.: Journal of Bombay Natural History Society Jour.Econ.Tax.Bot. : Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany Jour.Jap.Bot : Journal of Japanese Botany Jour. R.A.S. Beng. Sci : Journal of Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal Kew.Bull. : Kew Bulletin Jour. Ind. For. : Indian forester, Dehradun. Pleione : Pleione Abbreviation used in Enumeration: agg. : aggregated species auct. : of various authors (auctorum) Cf. : compare (Confer) f. : form (forma) nom.illeg. : Illegitimate name (Nomen illegitimum) nom.nud. : Nomen nodum p.p. : In Part (pro parte) Sensu. : In the sense of author indicated and not as originally intended ssp.. : Sub-species Var. : Variety Var. nov. : New variety Other abbreviations commonly used in enumeration: Acad. : Academy J. : Journal Bull. : Bulletin no. : Number Cat. : Catalogue Pl. : Plant Contr. : Contribution Rep. : Report Faun. : Fauna Repert. : Repertorium Fl. : Flora Soc. : Society Ic. : Icones Ill. : Illustration Enumeration 45 Authorities of botanical names: Throughout this work authors of Botanical names were used following Brumitt and Powell’s (1992) Authors of Plant Names and as provided in the Kew list (www.theplantlist.org). Local (Common) names: Bengali, Nepali and Local tribal common name of plants used as vernacular names. Description: cm : Centemeter mm : Millimiter Fig. : Figure Distributions: C. : Central E. : Eastern S. : Southern W. : Western N. : North NE. : North-eastern Measurements: The measurement of the specimens during the study was made through metric unit system (m, cm & mm) for e.g. the dimensions of leaves are given as 2 – 3 x 1 – 1.5 cm, the first figure indicating the length and the second breadth. 6.1. GYMNOSPERMS The Gymnospermic plants family, genera and species with the accepted name as per the Plant List [http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/G/], through proper taxonomic treatments of species, collected from the Gorumara National Park has been arranged in alphabetic order. The following sequence of enumeration is taken into consideration while enumerating each identified plants- (a) Accepted names, (b) Basionyms, (c) Synonyms if any, (d) Vernacular name, (e) Description, (f) Cone formation time, (g) Specimen cited, (h) Local distribution, and (i) General distribution. Family Key of Gymnosperm: 1a. Lianas with hanging branch ……………………………………….... Gnetaceae 1b. Trees ………………………………………………………………… 2 2a. Palm-like, generally monopodial or dichotomously branch ………… Cycadaceae 2b. Pyramidal with numerous branch ……………………………………. 3 3a. Leaves rhomboid; boat-shaped, ridged …………………………...…. Cupressaceae 3b. Leaves needlelike; slightly curved, base wide ………………………. Araucariaceae Araucariaceae Henkelet W. Hochstetter, Syn. Nadelholz. xvii, 1. 1865; nom. cons. ARAUCARIA Juss., Gen. Pl. 413. 1789. Araucaria columnaris (G. Forst.) Hook. f., Bot. Mag. 78: t. 4635 1852. Araucaria cookii R.Br. ex Endl., Syn. Conif. 188. 1847. Vernacular name: Jhau. Large trees, up to 20 m high; crown conical tower-shaped, becoming flat topped; lateral branches in whorls, dense, final branchlets drooping, pinnately arranged. Leaves dimorphic loosely arranged in lateral branchlets, needlelike, slightly curved, acute or acuminate, base x 0.4 – 0.55 cm, branches few, stalks up to 3 cm; female catkins much branched cymose panicles, up to 25 cm, branches up to 13 cm with stalks up to 3 cm, internodes up to 6 cm long; ovules ± 7, up to 0.4 cm, green, glabrous, shiny; mature seeds not seen here. Flowers & Fruits: Throughout the year. Specimen Cited: Gorumara, Goutam & AP Das 0921, dated 19. 02. 2009. Local Distribution: Extremely rare but found in different corners of Gorumara National Park General Distribution: Pantropical. Note: Preferred fodder for elephants; local people use paste of inflorescence in skin diseases and seeds against fever. Cupressaceae Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 222, 225. 1822; nom. cons. PLATYCLADUS Spach, Hist. Nat. Vιg. Phan. 11: 333. 1841. Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franc., Portugaliae Acta Biol., ser. B, Sist. Vol. “Jϊlio Henriques”: 33. 1949. Thuja orientalis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1002. 1753; Grierson et Long, Fl. Bhutan 1(1): 54. 1983. Thuja decora Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 398. 1796. Vernacular name: Jhau. Small trees, up to 5 m high; crown ovoid-pyramidal, broadly rounded, branches flattened. Leaves 1– 2 mm; facial leaves rhomboid; lateral leaves overlapping facial ones, boat-shaped, ridged. Male strobili yellowish-green, ovoid, nodding. Seed cones bluish green, subglobose. 48 Goutam Saha Cone formation: March to October. Specimen Cited: Gorumara, Goutam & AP Das 0828, dated 09. 07. 2009. Local Distribution: Planted in Gorumara, Dhupjhora and Murti Beat Office ground. General Distribution: Cultivated in Tropical and Pantropical Asia. Note: Common fascinating garden plant. Cycadaceae Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 630. 1807; nom. cons. CYCAS L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1188. 1753. Cycas pectinata Buch.-Ham., Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 5: 322. 1826; Grierson et Long in Fl. Bhutan 1(1): 44. 1983; Prain, Beng. Pl. 2: 993. 1903. Cycas jenkinsiana Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 9. 1854. Vernacular name: Cycas. Small dioecious trees, palm-like, generally monopodial or dichotomously branched when old, up to 6 m high. Leaves 50 – 90 crowning the top, pinnate; petiole 10–30 cm, with few blunt spines; leaflets in 50 – 100 pairs, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, entire, acute, thickly leathery, slightly recurved, base decurrent. Cataphylls brown tomentose, triangular. Male cones large fusiform; microsporophylls cuneate, densely tomentose, pale brown. Megasporophylls more than 30 – numerous, tightly grouped to form a large oblet cone. Seeds 2 to 4, orange, becoming dark brown after ripening. Cone formation: June to March. Specimen Cited: Gorumara, Goutam & AP Das 0719, dated 30. 09. 2008. Local Distribution: Planted in Lataguri Tourist Resort complex. General Distribution: India: cultivated throughout; Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Note: Common fascinating garden plant. Gnetaceae Blume, Nov. Pl. Expos. 23. 1833 [Aug-Dec 1833]; nom. cons. GNETUM L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 612, 637; Mant. Pl. 1: 18, 125. 1767. Gnetum montanum Markgraf, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. 3, 10: 466, tab. 8. 1930. Hara in Fl. E. Himal. 2: 13. 1971. Grierson et Long in Fl. Bhutan 1(1): 57. 1983; Das et Yadav in Pleione 5(1): 205 – 207. 2011. Gnetum scandens sensu Hook. f. , Fl. Brit. India 5. 643. 1888; Prain, Beng. Pl. 2: 991. 1903. Vernacular name: Pagrhi Lata Large liana, weakly twining up to the top of tall trees with numerous hanging branches; old nodes swollen; petiole short, 1 – 3 cm; lamina elliptic-ovate, up to 22 x 8 cm, sometimes larger in sterile plants; catkins from old nodes or terminal on new shoots; male catkins 3 – 5 x 0.4 – 0.55 cm, branches few, stalks up to 3 cm; female catkins much branched cymose panicles, up to 25 cm, branches up to 13 cm with stalks up to 3 cm, internodes up to 6 cm long; ovules ± 7, up to 0.4 cm, green, glabrous, shiny; mature seeds not seen here. Flowers & Fruits: Throughout the year. Specimen Cited: Gorumara, Goutam & AP Das 0921, dated 19. 02. 2009. Local Distribution: Extremely rare but found in different corners of Gorumara National Park General Distribution: