Journal of Species Research 8(1):1-96, 2019 Synoptic list of Symphyta (Hymenoptera) in Korea Jong-Wook Lee*, Jin-Kyung Choi and Bia Park Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea *Correspondent: [email protected] The suborder Symphyta comprises more than 8,000 described species worldwide, of which about 4,400 extant species are recorded from the Eastern Palaearctic. Symphyta can be easily distinguished from the suborder Apocrita by the abdomen, which is broadly joined to the thorax. The larvae of most species feed on herbaceous to woody. A list of the 418 described species of Symphyta in Korea is presented. The list is in taxonomic sequence by superfamily, family, subfamily and genus and includes 116 genera in 22 subfamilies, 12 families, and seven superfamilies. We provide the page reference of the original description of every species and genus listed, Korean name, host records, and all Korean records. The list also provides the distribution of all the species by country. Keywords: Cephoidea, North Korea, Orussoidea, Pamphilioidea, Siricoidea, South Korea, Tenthredinoidea, Xiphydroidea, Xyeloidea Ⓒ 2019 National Institute of Biological Resources DOI:10.12651/JSR.2019.8.1.001 INTRODUCTION parasitic. The larvae of most species are caterpillar like, equipped with legs and eyes, and these organisms walk The order Hymenoptera is traditionally divided into about eating foliage like true caterpillars (Lepidoptera). ‘Symphyta’ and ‘Apocrita’. The suborder Symphyta, However, a few groups have eyeless, largely legless which is structurally most primitive, is not species larvae that bore into various plant tissues, including wood. richness (only 10.8% of Korean species) and geologically Many species that feed on plants of importance to humans old. The members of Symphyta first appeared as fossils in are, or potentially can be, of considerable economic the Triassic, about 200 millon years ago. importance. Indeed, some are extremely damaging to Symphyta are generally accepted to be a paraphyletic agricultural crops, ornamental plants, and forest stands. assemblage. The species have preserved most of the The approximately 8,000 described species of Sym- ancestral attributes of the order, especially the plant- phyta are divided into about 640 valid genera, 14 extant feeding habits, numerous wing veins, and comparatively families and eight superfamilies (Aguiar et al., 2013). In unmodified abdomen in which the first two segments Korean Symphyta, Radoszkowski (1890) described four look very much like the succeeding ones. species, including two new species [Hyl otoma assimilis Most adult sawflies are stubby, soft-bodied Hyme- (=Arge pagana pagana), H. anceps (=A. ustulata)] that noptera that fly only weakly. The ovipositor of most were recorded for the first time from Korea. Takeuchi species is used to pierce plant tissue and is compressed (1927) and Sato (1928) treated new species and new laterally and modified with marginal teeth so that it genera from Korea. Kim (1963; 1970) described 177 looks and functions like a saw, hence the name sawfly. species, 72 genera, 10 families, and five superfamilies. Adult sawflies are recognized and separated from other Taxonomic studies of Korean sawflies have been Hymenoptera by the abdomen, which is broadly joined to conducted by Korean taxonomists (mainly Drs. Lee the thorax. Additional characteristics include the presence and Ryu) and foreigners (mainly Drs. Smith and of many veins in the wings, which are greatly reduced in Shinohara) since the 2000s. In the late 1900s, Lee and the Orussidae and other Hymenoptera, the presence of Ryu (1996a) revised the Korean fauna, to cantain 321 two trochanters, and the presence of cenchri (except in the species, 97 genera, 11 families, and six superfamilies. Cephidae). Moreover, Lee et al. (2000) treated mainly the family The larvae of Symphyta are phytophagous, except for Tenthredinidae and described 215 species, 64 genera, members of the family Orussidae that are predatory or and seven subfamilies. Recently, there have been quite 2 JOURNAL OF SPECIES RESEARCH Vol. 8, No. 1 Table 1. Taxonomic composition of superfamilies, families, subfamilies, genera and species of Symphyta in Korea. Superfamily Family Subfamily Genus Species Cephoidea Cephidae Cephinae 8 9 Orussoidea Orussidae Ophrynopinae 1 1 Orussinae 1 3 Pamphilioidea Megalodontesidae 1 1 Pamphiliidae Cephalciinae 2 8 Pamphiliinae 4 42 Siricoidea Siricidae Siricinae 4 9 Tremicinae 1 5 Tenthredinoidea Argidae Arginae 2 34 Sterictiphorinae 3 6 Blasticotomidae 1 1 Cimbicidae Abiinae 2 9 Cimbicinae 6 14 Diprionidae Diprioninae 4 8 Tenthredinidae Allantinae 15 28 Athaliinae 1 8 Blennocampinae 15 27 Heterarthrinae 7 15 Nematinae 13 34 Selandriinae 9 35 Tenthredininae 10 105 Xiphydroidea Xiphydriidae Xiphydriinae 3 6 Xyeloidea Xyelidae Macroxyelinae 1 3 Xyelinae 2 7 7 superfamilies 12 families 22 subfamilies 116 genera 418 species a few undescribed and unrecorded genera and species genus of family Argidae, Cephidae, Orussidae, Pamphiliidae, 2. Where relevant, “unplaced taxa” are listed at the end and Tenthredinidae reported by Choi et al. (2014; 2015; of each group. 2016), Choi and Lee (2018), Liu et al. (2018), Lee et al. These names are sorted alphabetically according to (2015b), Park et al. (2017; 2018), Park and Lee (2018), genus and species names of the binomen as originally Shinohara et al. (2018) and Wei et al. (2015; 2017). The- published. If the species is synonymized, we follow refore, it is known that the suborder Symphyta has a the changed name of that system. The use of “[sic!]” in total of seven superfamilies, 12 families, 22 subfamilies, connection with a name combination indicates that the 116 genera, and 418 species from Korea. original spelling is incorrect (e.g., misspelling of the In this study, we provide a brief taxonomic history of genus name, use of a capital letter for a species name, Korean Symphyta, taxonomic composition of Korean or wrong gender agreement of the species-group name). Symphyta (Table 1), Korean records, Korean name (South Names of the mentioned host plants follow ‘The Plant and North Korean name), distributional information, and List’ (http://www.theplantlist.org/). bibliography. RESULTS MATERIALS AND METHODS Order Hymenoptera Linné, 1758 벌목 The present list is based on specimens from field Suborder Symphyta Gerstäcker, 1867 잎벌아목 collections obtained from 1967 to 2017 by various aut- Superfamily Cephoidea Newman, 1834 나무벌상과 hors, as well as those of collections from the following Family Cephidae Newman, 1834 나무벌과 institutions and museums. We provide all references (NK: 줄기벌과) containing Korean records, but some articles with only Subfamily Cephinae Westwood, 1840 나무벌아과 a list of species such as faunal and local survey studies were excluded. Genus Caenocephus Konow, 1896 Taxa are arranged as follows: 노란다리나무벌속 1. Alphabetical order in terms of hierarchical classif- Caenocephus Konow, 1896a: 150-152. Type species: ication using superfamily, family, subfamily, and Caenocephus jakowleffiKonow. February 2019 Lee et al. Synoptic list of Korean Symphyta 3 1. Caenocephus xanthopus Shinohara, 1999 Hartigia coreana Takeuchi, 1938: 199-200. 노란다리나무벌 Caenocephus xanthopus Shinohara, 1999: 68-69. Korean records. Takeuchi, 1938; Kim, 1963; Zool. Soc. Kor., 1968; Kim, 1970; Kim et al., 1994; Lee and Korean records. Shinohara, 1999; Lyu et al., 2014. Ryu, 1996a; Paek et al., 2010; Lyu et al., 2014. Host plant. Unknown. Host plant. Unknown. Distribution. Korea (South, North), Japan. Distribution. Korea (North), Russia. Genus Cephus Latreille, 1803 나무벌속 4. Hartigia viator (F. Smith, 1874) 소요나무벌 Astatus Jurine in Panzer, 1801a: 163. Not available. Sup­ Cephus viator F. Smith, 1874: 385-386. pressed. Type species: Sirex pygmaeus Linné, 1767. Macrocephus japonicus Ghigi, 1915: 305-305. Cephus Latreille, 1803: 303. Type species: Sirex pyg­ maeus Linné, 1767. Korean records. Togashi, 1973; Lee and Ryu, 1996a; Peronistilus Ghigi, 1905: 26-28. Type species: Cephus Shinohara and Yamada, 2005b; Paek et al., 2010; Lyu et politissimus Costa, 1888. al., 2014. Peronistilomorphus Pic, 1916: 24. Type species: Peroni­ Host plant. Unknown. stilomorphus berytensis Pic, 1916. Distribution. Korea (South), China, Japan, Russia. Cephus (Fossulocephus) Pic, 1917: 2. Type species: Cep­ hus (Fossulocephus) citriniventris Pic, 1917. Genus Janus Stephens, 1829 배나무벌속 Pseudocephus Dovnar-Zapolskij, 1931a: 47. Type spec- Janus Stephens, 1829: 341. Type species: Janus connec- ies: Cephus pulcher Tischbein, 1852. tens Stephens, 1829. Phylloecus Newman, 1838: 485. Type species: Phylloe- 2. Cephus nigripennis (Takeuchi, 1927) 검정나무벌 cus faunus Newman, 1838. (NK: 검은날개줄기벌) Ephippionotus Costa, 1860: Cefidei 10. Type species: Eumetabolus nigripennis Takeuchi, 1927a: 378-379. Ephippinotus luteiventris Costa, 1860. Monoplopus japonicus Forsius, 1928a: 67-69. Cephus graminis Maa, 1944: 48-49. 5. Janus piri Okamoto and Muramatsu, 1925 배나무벌 Korean records. Takeuchi, 1927a; Takeuchi, 1938; Kim, Janus piri Okamoto and Muramatsu, 1925: 10-16. 1963; Zool. Soc. Kor., 1968; Chu, 1969; Kim, 1970; Kim et al., 1994; Lee and Ryu, 1996a; Paek et al., 2010; Ahn Korean records. Okamoto and Muramatsu, 1925; et al., 2013; Lyu et al., 2014. Takeuchi, 1938; Cho, 1955; Kim, 1963; Zool. Soc. Kor., Host plants. Elymus semicostatus (Nees ex Steud.) Mel­ 1968; Kim, 1970; Kim et al., 1994; Lee and Ryu, 1996a; deris, Elytrigia kamoji. Paek et al., 2010; Lyu et al., 2014. Distribution. Korea (South, North), China,