I C -4 rn— —m r rr ; —r cr C -4 0 tfl — r z z mcC 1 June 1982 P55—10013—00 CHANGE PAGE PACKET #4 FOR THE ALPHA BASIC USER'S MANUAL 1.0 INTRODUCTION This 4th change page packet for the AIphaBASIC User's Manual (DWPI—QO100—OU, Revision 803 contains update instructions,a new title page, and the manual pages that we have revised, It updates the manual to Revision 804. This packet should be Implemented only in versions that have been updated to Revision level 803, that is, only if your manual includes the contents of change page packet #3. 1.1 UPDATE INSTRUCTIONS To make the update process easier, your copy of the AIphaBASIC User's Manual should be loose In a 3—ring binder. First, remove the title page from this changepage packet and exchange It for the title page in your copy of the manual. If your copy has been updated with change page packet #3, the titlepage you replace will show a 803 revision level. The new title Dage reflects revision level 804. Now, remove the remaining change pages from this packet and substitute them for the original pages listed below, As you exchange these pages for the originals, note thatwe have marked all revised portions of the text with change bars (vertical black lines in the left margin). Also notice that the number of the manual appears at the bottom of each change page. Original Pages Revised Pages Title page/u Title page/Il vii through ix vii through ix 2—9/2—10 2—9/2—10 5—1/5—2 5—1/5—2 11—5/11/6 11—5/11—6 12—1 through 12—4 12—1 through 12—4 13—11/13—12 13—11/13—12 16—1/16—2 16—1/16—2 17—3/17—4 17—3/17—4 18—1 through 18—4 18—1 through 18—7 19—9/19—10 19—9/19—10 19—13/19—14 19—13/19—14 A—13 through A—16 A—13 through A—16 8—3 through 8—6 8—3 through 8—6 C—1/C—2 C—1/C—2 S.OFTV'ARE MANUAL AIphaBASIC USER'S MANUAL D\A/N141]D1 LJDD1 REV.504 alphamicro F9RST EDTON AOO 197? BOO October 1980 801 October 30, 1980 BO2 April 30, 1980 BO3 October 31, 1981 804 June 1, 1982 ©1982 ALPHA MCROSYSTEMS THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL IS BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE AND RELIABLE. HOWEVER, NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE AOCURACY, COMPLETENESS CR USE OF THIS INFORMATION IS ASSUMED BY ALPHA M1CRO, This book ref Lects AMOS Versions 4óA and AMOS/L Versions LO and Later THE FOLLOWINGARE TRADEMARKS OFALPHA MICROSYSTEMS, IRVINE, Ca.. 92714 Aipha Micro AMOS AIphaBASIC AIphaPASCAL AIphaLISP AIphaVUE AIphaSERV AiphaACCOUNTING ALPHA MICROSYSTEMS 1 TSB1 Sky Park North Irvine, CA. 92714 ALPHA BASIC USERS MANUAL Page iii Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO ALPHABASIC CHAPTER 2 INTERACTIVE AND COMPILER MODES 2.1 INTERACTIVE MODE 2—2 2.1.1Loading, Creating, and Saving BASIC Programs 2—2 2.1.2Direct Statements 2—3 2.1.3Compitino and Running a Program 2—4 2.1.3.1Compiler Options 2—5 2.1.4DebuggIng Features 2—6 2.2 COMPILER MODE 2.2.1 Creatinga Program 2—6 2.2.1.1 Program Form 2—7 2.2.2Comniling a Program 2.2.2.1 CompilerOptions 2—9 2.2.3Running a Program 2—9 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION 3.1 MULTIPLE STATEMENT LINES 3—1 3.2 CONTINUATIONLINES 4—1 1.1 LINE NUMBERS 1—2 3.4 COMMENTS (REM ANDhtfht)• 3—2 3.5 INTERACTIVE MODE DIRECT STATEMENTS '—3 .6 PROGRAM LABELS 1—3 3.7 MEMORY ALLOCATION 3—4 3.% EXPAND AND NOEXPAND MODES 1—4 3.9 LOWER CASE CHARACTERS 3—4 3.10LIBRARY SEARCHING 3—5 U 3.11INCLUDE FILES 3—5 CHAPTER 4 ALPHABASIC VARIABLES 4.1 VARIABLE NAMES ... 4—1 4.2 NUMERICVARIABLES 4—2 4.3 STRING VARIABLES 4—2 6.4 ARRAYVARIABLES 4—1 CHAPTER S ALPHABASIC EXPRESSIONS 5.1 ARITHMETIC EXPRESSIONS 5—1 5.2 OPERATOR PRECEDENCE 5—2 5.3 MODE INDEPENDENCE 5—2 CHAPTER 6 DATA FORMATS 6.1 FLOATING POINT FORMAT 6—1 6.2 StRING FORMAT 6—2 (Changed 30 ApriL 1981) ALPHA BASIC USER'S MANUAL Page iv 6.3BINARY FORMAT .6—2 6.4 INTEGER FORMAT 6—3 6.5 UNFORMATTED 6—3 CHAPTER 7 SUBSTRING MODIFIERS 7.1 SUBSTRING MODIFIER FORMATS AND FEATURES 7—1 CHAPTER 8 MEMORY MAPPING SYSTEM 8.1 ALLOCATING VARIABLE STORAGE 8—1 8.2 MAP STATEMENT FORMAT 8—2 8.2.1 MAP Level 8—3 8.2.2 VariabLe Name 8—4 8.2.3 Type Code 8—4 8.2.3.1 Unformatted Data 8—5 8.2.3.2 String Data 8—5 8.2.3.3 Floating Point Data 8—5 8.2.3.4 Binary Data 8—5 8.2.4 Size 8—6 8.2.5 Value 8—6 8.2.6 Origin 8—6 8.3 EXAMPLES 8—8 8.4 USING THE MAP STATEMENTS 8—11 8.5 LOCATING VARIABLES DURING DEBUGGING 8—11 8.5.1 Examples 8—13 CHAPTER 9 INTERACTIVE COMMAND SUMMARY 9.1 BREAK Q— 2 9.2BYE 9—2 9.3 COMPILE 3 9.4 CONT 9—3 9.5 CONTROL—C 9—4 9.6 DELETE 9—4 9.7 LIST 9—5 9.8 LOAD 9—6 9.9 NEW 9—. 9.10RUN 9—7 9.11 SAVF 9—7 9.12SINGLE—STEP (LINEFEED) 9—8 CHAPTER 1) PROGRAM STATEMENTS 10.1 ALLOCATE 10—1 10.2 CHAIN 10—1 10.3 CLOSE 10—2 10.4 DIM 10—2 10.5 END 10—3 10.6 FILEBASE 10—3 10. FOR,NEXT AND STEP 10—4 10.8 GOSUB (OR CALL) AND RETURN 10—5 10.9 GOTO jO_B ALPHA BASIC USER'S MANUAL Page V 10.10IF, THEN AND ELSE.......,... ... 10—9 10.11INPUT * 10—10 10.12INPUTLINE • • • S * 10—12 10.13K ILL 0*S**• 10—13 U 10.14LOOKUP 0*••*• 10—14 10.15LET . •.. 10—14 10.16ON — GOSIS (CALL) es•.• 10—14 U 10.17ON — GOtO 10—15 10.18OPEN * . 0 * 10—15 I 10.19PRINT 10—16 10.20PRINT USING • 0 ¶1 • S S • 10—17 I 10.21RANDOMIZE • 10—18 10.22READ, RESTORE, ANDDATA, 10—18 10.23SCALE 10—19 I 10.24SIGNIFICANCE 10—20 10.25STOP 10—20 10 • 26STRSIZ 10—20 10.27WRITE 10—21 10.28XCALL 10—21 CHAPTER 11 BASIC FUNCTIONS 11.1 NUMERIC FUNCTIONS 11—1 11.1.1 ABS(X) 11—2 11.1.2 ASC(A) 11—2 11.1.3 EXP(X) 11—2 11.1.4 FACT(X) ... 11—2 11.1.5FIX(X) 11—2 11.1.6INT(X) 11—2 11.1.7 LOG(X) 11_a 11.1.8 LOGlO 11—3 11.1.9 RND(X) 11—3 11.1.10 SGN(X) 11—3 11.1.11 SQR(X) 11—3. 11.1.12 VAL(A) 11—3 11.2 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 11—3 11.3 CONTROL FUNCTIONS 11—4 11.3.1 EOF(x) 11—4 11.3.2 ERF(X)., 11—4 11.3.3 ERR(X)....,, 11—5 11.3.4 OTHER CONTROL FUNCTIONS 11—S 11.4 STRING FUNCTIONS.... 11—5 11.4.1 ASC(X) 11—S 11.4.2 CHR$(x) OR CHR(X) 11—S 11.4.3 INSTR(X,A$,BS) 11—6 11.4.4LCS(A$) 11—6 11.4.5LEFT(A$,x) or LEFT$(A$,X) 11—6 11.4.6 LEN(A$) . 11—6 11.4.7MID(A$,X,Y) or. MLDScAS,x,V) 11—6 11.4.8RIGHT(A$,X) or RL'GHTS(A$,X) 11—7 11.4.9SPACE(X) or SPACE$(X) 11—7 11.4.10 STR(X) or STR$(X)..,.... 11—7 11.4.11 UCS(A$) 11—7 (Changed 31 October 1981) ALPHA BASIC USER'S MANUAL Page vi CHAPTER 12 SYSTEM FUNCTIONS 12.1 BYTE(X) AND WORD(X) 12—1 12.2 DATE .. 12—2 12.3 10(X) ........ 12—2 12.4 MEM(X) . ....... 12—2 12.5 TIME *e*.. 123 CHAPTER 13 FORMATTING OUTPUT (PRINT USING AND EXTENDED TABS) 13.1 THE USING MODIFIER 13—1 13.2 FORMATTING CHARACTERS 13—2 13.2.1 The '¼Symbol (String Fletds) 13—3 13.2.2 The ! Symbol (One—character String Field) 13—4 13.2.3 The # Symbol (Numeric Fields) 13—4 13.2.4 The Period Symbol (Decimal Point) ...13—5 13.2.5 The U Symbol (Floating Doltar Sign) 13—S 13.2.6 The Comma Symbol (Floating Commas) ..13—7 13.2.7 The **Symbol(Asterisit Fill) . 13—7 13.2.8 The 1 Symbol (Leading Zeros) 13—7 13.2.9 The Minus Symbol (Trailing Minus Sign) 13—8 13.2.10 The Symbol (Exponential Format): 13—8 13.3 FORMATTING EXAMPLES AND HINTS 13—8 13.4 EXPANDED TAB FUNCTIONS • 13—11 CHAPTER 14 SCALED ARITHMETIC 14.1 SCALE 14—2 CHAPTER 15 ALPHABASIC FILE I/O SYSTEM 15.1 SEQUENTIAL ASCII FILES 15—2 15.2 RANDOM FILES .. 15—3 15.2.1 Logical Records 15—3 15.2.2 Blocking Factor and Retord Size 15—3 15.3 FILE I/O STATEMENTS 15—4 15.3.1 OPEN ., 15—6 15.3.2 CLOSE ., 15—8 15.3.3 KILL . 15—8 LOOKUP . 15—9 15.3.5 ALLOCATE ,.