*RYHUQPHQWRI:HVWHUQ$XVWUDOLD 'HSDUWPHQWRI0LQHVDQG3HWUROHXP *RYHUQPHQWRI:HVWHUQ$XVWUDOLD 'HSDUWPHQWRI0LQHVDQG3HWUROHXP 0LQHUDO7LWOHV Harvey 1 Stratigraphic Well Early Drilling Outcomes South West CO2 Geosequestration Hub – December 2012 *RYHUQPHQWRI:HVWHUQ$XVWUDOLD 'HSDUWPHQWRI0LQHVDQG3HWUROHXP (QYLURQPHQW *RYHUQPHQWRI:HVWHUQ$XVWUDOLD 'HSDUWPHQWRI0LQHVDQG3HWUROHXP 3HWUROHXP Harvey Shire Councillors visiting the Harvey 1 well drilling site. www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ccs 2012 – Harvey 1 Well Early Outcomes | 1 Contents Harvey 1 Well Graphic Summary ........................................................................................................ 3 Harvey 1 Well Overview: Mapping The Underground (Stratigraphy) ..................................................... 4 Drilling Outcomes .............................................................................................................................. 5 Harvey 1 Well Objectives ............................................................................................................... 5 Stratigraphic Well Data Collection ................................................................................................. 6 Determining Subsurface Strata Properties ..................................................................................... 6 Subsurface Geology ...................................................................................................................... 7 CO2 Storage in a Saline Aquifer .......................................................................................................... 7 Harvey 1 Core Samples ................................................................................................................. 8 Core Samples table ....................................................................................................................... 9 Core Sample Testing ..................................................................................................................... 9 Trapping Mechanisms ................................................................................................................. 10 Supercritical CO2 ......................................................................................................................... 11 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 11 2012 – Harvey Well Outcomes | 1 HarveyONSHORE 1 Well Graphic SOUTHERN Summary PERTH BASIN STRATIGRAPHY LESUEUR SANDSTONE The Harvey 1 well was drilled in order to gather underground geological data. Figure 1 is a diagramitic summary of the position, depth and subsurface geological formations encountered by the well. LEEDERVILLE Harve FORMATION y 1 Well CATTAMARRA COAL MEASURES 200 m Jurassic Period ENEABBA FORMATION 700 m granite potential udstone sealing sequence UPPER LESUEUR Yalgorup Member 140 0 m sandstone and m Triassic Period LESUEUR SANDSTONE LOWER LESUEUR Wonnerup Member potential CO reser 2 voir Pinjarra Mandurah sandstone SABINA 294 SANDSTONE 5 m y ve Har fine sandstone Am7cFigure 1. Onshore southern Perth Basin stratigraphy: Harvey 1 well. 10.12.12 2 | 2012 – Harvey 1 Well Early Outcomes Harvey 1 Well Overview: Geraldton IRWIN RIVER TERRACE Dongara Mapping The Underground DONGARA DANDARAGANURELLA SADDLE (Stratigraphy) The Harvey 1 well was drilled between February 7 and FAULT March 23 in 2012 on farmland at Lot 1326 Riverdale TROUGH Road in Harvey. Cervantes The site is part of Western Australia’s (WA) Swan PERTH BEAGLE Coastal Plain which lies to the west of the Darling 31° RIDGE Ranges, and the well was sunk into the southern part of the Perth Basin. BASIN YILGARN CRATON Beneath the Swan Coastal Plain is the Perth Basin running south to north-northwest, onshore and offshore INDIAN PERTH along the WA coast, extending for about 1300km along OCEAN Rockingham the south western margin of the Australian continent. Mandurah FAULT The Perth Basin covers 172,300km2 and is structurally complex, formed during the separation of Australia and Figure 3. Greater India in the Permian to Early Cretaceous periods Bunbury VASSE COLLIE SUB-BASIN (300 to 140 million years ago). SHELF WILGA OUTLIER The Perth Basin (see Fig. 2) includes a significant BOYUP OUTLIER onshore component and extends offshore to the edge of Margaret 34° River the western continental crust, where water depths are DARLING up to 4500m. Following a review of the subsurface geology of the 100 km onshore Perth Basin, the general location for the project 115° 117° was selected in the shires of Harvey and Waroona and GLB4b 23.05.11 Permian overlain by thick a two-dimensional (2D) Seismic Survey along 106km of Permian outcrop Mesozoic or Cainozoic cover shire roads was conducted there in March 2011 (Fig. 3). Permian overlain by thin Mesozoic or Cainozoic Precambrian– cover Ordovician The location for Harvey 1 was chosen based on data Figure 2. Map of the Perth Basin. from the 2D Seismic Survey and other pre-existing data, and where the most information could be gained on understanding the potential of the geological formations to become a storage reservoir for carbon dioxide (CO2). Harvey 1 was a stratigraphic well designed to provide data and core samples from the underlying rock strata. When combined with information from subsequent research projects, this data will be used to build a model of the subsurface formations and to simulate CO2 injection scenarios. Figure 3. Site map showing the Lower Lesueur 2D Seismic Survey lines, the Harvey 1 well location and water bores along the Harvey and Binningup lines. 2012 – Harvey 1 Well Early Outcomes | 3 Of particular interest was the rock formation known Drilling Outcomes as Lesueur Sandstone which potentially has the properties desirable for a CO2 storage reservoir. At this stage of the research and modelling, the Lesueur Harvey 1 Well Objectives Sandstone is showing good potential as a reservoir. DMP’s Geological Survey WA (GSWA), which has been gathering and publishing information on the geology Following the completion of the data acquisition of Western Australia since the 1880s, undertook the program from Harvey 1, the well has been plugged management of the drilling of the Harvey 1 well. The at several levels with cement, capped at the well was designed to reduce the geological data gaps surface and the drill site is being remediated to in an area north west of Harvey town site. its previous condition. The drilling was part of the preparation phase for the Further Information South West Hub, which is undertaking a four-year research program to determine whether the Lesueur In addition to this ‘Early Drilling Outcomes’ report, an Sandstone could become a permanent storage ‘End of Well’ report summarising the drilling operation reservoir for industrially generated CO . has been prepared and a final ‘Well Completion’ report 2 is due to be issued in early 2013. Well objectives are outlined below: Technical information is available on the WA • To confirm the predicted stratigraphy. Department of Mines and Petroleum website online • To evaluate the sealing capacity of the lower system within the Petroleum and Geothermal Eneabba Formation and confirm the presence of a Information Management System (WAPIMS) located at lower shale unit. www.dmp.wa.gov.au/wapims. It should be noted that • To collect core samples of the Eneabba Formation a certain level of technical knowledge is required to to test its seal capacity and Lesueur Sandstone to interpret this data in a meaningful way. test the potential CO2 reservoir characteristics. Geosequestration and the South West Hub • To obtain seismic data that allows for better comparisons between the rock properties Around the world, scientists have identified Carbon and what happens when surface seismic Capture and Storage (CCS) as one of the tools to measurements are taken (i.e. a better time-depth reduce the amount of greenhouse gas being emitted relationship). into the atmosphere. • To update the current three-dimensional (3D) Geosequestration is a form of Carbon Capture and geological model showing the various subsurface Storage (CCS) which captures CO2 from industrial strata, based on site specific information. emissions and injects it into deep underground • To assist in the planning and development of future reservoirs for permanent storage. stratigraphic wells and seismic programs for The preferred geology for such reservoirs is well evaluating the CO2 storage potential of the area. documented by scientists and Harvey 1 was designed • To run evaluation logs, take core samples and to allow for the measurement of these properties, obtain clean formation water samples from a in addition to providing samples of the various range of depths. To develop a good understanding subsurface rock strata. of the reservoir properties, the formation waters The South West Hub is a partnership between the in these rocks and the potential sealing unit in the State Government’s Department of Mines and vicinity of the well. Petroleum (DMP) and industries operating in the South • To assess the hydraulic relationships (water flow West region. rates, pressures and directions) above and below the heterogeneous Eneabba Formation to find out The South West Hub was the first CCS project if this ‘unconventional’ seal has the capacity to identified and funded under the Australian contain CO2. Government’s Carbon Capture and Storage Flagships Program, receiving $52 million in 2011. • To assess the geothermal