nm u Ottawa L'Universite canadienne Canada's university FACULTE DES ETUDES SUPERIEURES nm FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND ET POSTDOCTORALES u Ottawa POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES L'Universiui canadiennc Canada's university Jackie Frances Steele AUTEUR DE LA THESE / AUTHOR OF THESIS Ph.D. (Political Science) GRADE/DEGREE School of Political Studies FACULTE, ECOLE, DEPARTEMENT / FACULTY, SCHOOL, DEPARTMENT Liberte, diversite, co-autorite : Towards a Late Modern Praxis of Radical Representative Democratic Corporealpolitks TITRE DE LA THESE / TITLE OF THESIS L. Cardinal DIRECTEUR (DIRECTRICE) DE LA THESE / THESIS SUPERVISOR cb"bWcTE"uR7co"-¥^ EXAMINATEURS (EXAMINATRICES) DE LA THESE /THESIS EXAMINERS C. Andrew D. Moggach C. Denis G , Nootens Gary W. Slater Le Doyen de la Faculte des etudes superieures et postdoctorales / Dean of the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies Liberie, Diversite, Co-Autorite : Towards a Late Modern Praxis of Radical Representative Democratic Corporealpolitiks Jackie F. Steele These soumise a la Faculte des etudes superieures et postdoctorales dans le cadre des exigences du programme de doctorat Ecole d'etudes politique, Universite d'Ottawa © Jackie F. 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While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. ••I Canada TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication VI Gratitude vu The Political is Personal! vin Abstract IX Introduction The End of Equality? 1 Liberal Politics in Canada at an Impasse 4 Canada: Constitutional Democracy without Democratic Constitution 7 Diverse Citizenship in Canada and Descriptive Representation 12 Diverse Citizenship in Canada and Substantive Representation 17 International Trends in Women's Political Representation 19 Power-Sharing and the Rights of Minority Nations 22 Crafting Interlocking Solidarities 24 Democratic Theory and the Disciplinary Blind spots on Power-Sharing 26 Reconnecting Democratic Theory with Theories of Representation 31 Anne Phillips, Melissa Williams, Jane Mansbridge, Iris Marion Young 33 Beyond the Liberal Bodypolitik 42 Statecrafting Diverse Representation, by Democratic Design 43 Contributions to the Field 48 Limitations of the Project 51 Existensions 54 Chapter I A Genealogy of Feminist Subjectivity 59 Feminist Political Theory 60 Squires' Typology of Feminist Theory 61 Equality-Neutrality-Inclusion 65 Difference-Affirmation-Reversal 67 Beyond Equality and Difference 68 Diversity-Deconstruction-Displacement 71 The Politics of Displacement 75 The Butler-Braidotti Debates 77 Judith Butler: Proliferating Gender Performances 77 Rosi Braidotti: Nomadic Speaking Subjectivities 82 The Politics of Language 86 Beyond the Butler-Braidotti Debates 91 li Chapter II « Diversite » : Epistemological Existensions of Feminist Corporeality 93 The Politics of Corporealization 97 Corporealities: Interlocking Axes of Corporeal Significations and 99 Worldviews Corporealizations: Processes of Corporeal Constitution 100 CorporealpoUtiles: Contexts of Corporeal Penalties/Privileges 100 Corporeal Agency: Constellations of Corporeality 101 Desiring Corporealizations 102 The Corporealpolitiks of Intelligibility: Sex, Gender, Woman 103 The Corporealpolitiks of Marriage: The Incredible Shrinking Woman 106 Inter-national / Multinational Corporealpolitiks 110 The Contingent Corporealpolitiks of Identity 113 The Ethico-Political Existensions 117 Discursive Existensions 124 Conclusion 130 Chapter HI A Genealogy of Republican Liberty 135 Republicanisms and the Republican Revival 137 Republicanism and Diversity Feminisms: Strange Bedsisters? 139 Republican Existensions of Political Liberty 142 Early Modern Republicanism: Machiavelli 142 The Ethical Interdependence ofCivitas, Politicus, and Corruption 144 Civil Discord as a Productive Praxis of Liberty 151 Modern Republicanism: Arendt 157 Political Liberty as a Performative Praxis of Inter-Subjective 158 Individuation The Public Realm as Precondition for the Constitution of Political 161 Imaginaries Late Modern Republicanism: Tully 166 Problematizing the Norms of Modern Constitutional Democracy 168 Struggles for/over Recognition as a Democratic Praxis of Freedom 172 Conclusion 175 Chapter IV « Liberte » : Epistemological Existensions of Republican Bodypolitiks 179 The Subject of Republican Liberty? 181 De-reifying Machiavelli's Umori 181 In-Corporealizing Arendtian Action 187 Silent Partners in the Constitutional Multilogue 193 Displacing the Threats of Corruption 199 in Republicanism and Diversity Feminisms: Strategic Bedsisters 206 The Limits of Liberal Equality and Liberal Politics 208 Conclusion 211 Chapter V Political Representation, Re-loaded 213 To Discursively Diversify? Or To Discursively Deconstruct? 214 Dropped Stitches: Corporealizing Late Modern Democracy 217 Deconstruction-Displacement-Practical Impotence 219 Dropped Stitches: Democratizing Late Modern Corporealization 223 Diversity-Deconstruction-Precarious Inclusion 225 Dropped Stitches: Reconstructing Later Modern Democratic Statecraft 227 Implicating Ourselves: Critical Theory, Practical Philosophy, and 230 Democratic Risk Democratic Existensions: Conjugating Liberty and Diversity 233 Co-Authority 238 Co-Authorship 244 Co-Authorization 251 Dropped Stitches: Re-Constructing Democratic Institutions 254 Chapter VI « Co-autorite »: Democratic Existensions of Self-Representation 255 Inter-National Discords / Solidarities: Restoring the Canada-Quebec 257 Equlibrium Co-A uthority 257 Co-A uthorsh ip 257 Co-Authorization: Democratic Existensions 258 Intra-National Discords / Solidarities 259 Co-Authority 260 Co-Author ship: Democratic Existensions 263 Inter-Sexual Conflicts / Solidarities 263 Sex/Gender Quotas in Costa Rica 268 Inter-Generational Conflicts /Solidarities 269 Interlocking Conflicts: Gender, Generation, Ability in Rwanda 269 Co-Authorization: Democratic Existensions 270 Femocracy: Between the No Longer and the Not Yet 273 Conclusion Towards a Late Modern Praxis of Radical Representative Democratic 276 Corporealpolitiks IV Figures Figure 1.0 History of Democratic Exclusions in Canada 8 Figure 2.0 Rhetorical Commitments of Canadian federal Governments 1967-2000 13 Figure 3.0: Electoral Representation of Immigrants, Minorities and Women 16 across Canada Figure 4.0 Conjugating Liberty and Diversity 234 Figure 5.0 Mapping a Praxis of Co-authority as Self-Representation 243 Figure 6.0 Heterogeneous Sites of Democratic Co-authorship 246 Figure 7.0 Democratic Constitution of Relative Effective Self-Representation 265 (Sex/Gender) Figure 8.0 Mechanisms Democratically Constituting of Co-authorship 267 (Sex/Gender) Figure 9.0 Concurrent Majorities Constituting Democratic Co-Authorization 273 Figure 10.0 Election Law Quota (Sex/Gender) Regulation, National Parliament 287 Figure 11.0 Election Law Quota (Sex/Gender) Regulation, National Parliament 288 Figure 12.0 Constitutional or Legislative Quota, Sub-National Level 290 Bibliographic References 291 Books and Articles 291 Academic Conferences, International Conventions 314 Canadian and Quebec Government References and Resources 314 Legislation and Jurisprudence 315 Web References and Resources 316 v Dedication I wish to dedicate this thesis to my Chinese (AKA Spanish) Canadian Grade 10 Math teacher, Mr. Wei. His recognition and belief in my individual potential to become a "leading political woman" challenged the dominant corporealpolitiks of sex/gender and allowed me the psychic space to contemplate politics and a life as a "femme politique" amongst the possible corporealizations for my selves in my future. In fact, this nourished an ontological desire for the politicus and equipped me to continually question and (re)imagine my current and future "selves", as well