Portland State University PDXScholar Institute for Natural Resources Publications Institute for Natural Resources - Portland 2-2001 Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants and Animals of Oregon James S. Kagan Oregon State University Sue Vrilakas Portland State University, [email protected] Eleanor P. Gaines Portland State University Cliff Alton Ken Popper See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/naturalresources_pub Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Oregon Natural Heritage Program. 2001. Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants and Animals of Oregon. Oregon Natural Heritage Program, Portland, Oregon. 94 pp. (98 pp. PDF). This Book is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Institute for Natural Resources Publications by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Authors James S. Kagan, Sue Vrilakas, Eleanor P. Gaines, Cliff Alton, Ken Popper, Mark A. Stern, Eric Scheuering, John A. Christy, Mary Finnerty, Jon Hak, Anthony A. Tovar, Michael Murray, Claudine Tobalske, and Oregon Natural Heritage Program This book is available at PDXScholar: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/naturalresources_pub/22 RARE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED PLANTS AND ANIMALS OF OREGON OREGON NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM FEBRUARY 2001 Oregon Natural Heritage Program 1322 S.E. Morrison St. Portland, OR 97214-2531 (503) 731-3070 www.heritage.tnc.org/nhp/us/or A Cooperative Project of The Nature Conservancy, Division of State Lands and Oregon State University With assistance from: The Native Plant Society of Oregon The Nature Conservancy The Oregon Department of Agriculture The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife The Oregon Division of State Lands The Oregon Natural Heritage Advisory Council Oregon State University Compiled and Published by the staff of the Oregon Natural Heritage Program: Jimmy Kagan, Director/Ecologist Eric Scheuering, Zoologist/Data Manager Sue Vrilakas, Data Manager/Botanist John Christy, Wetlands Ecologist, Bryologist Eleanor Gaines, GIS Data Manager/Zoologist Mary Finnerty, GIS Analyst Cliff Alton, Data Services Assistant Jon Hak, GIS Program Manager Ken Popper, Zoologist Michael Murray, Ecologist Mark Stern, Zoology Program Manager Claudine Tobalske, GIS Analyst Cover Illustration: Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) by Jay Miner. Bibliographic reference to this publication should read: Oregon Natural Heritage Program. 2001. Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants and Animals of Oregon. Oregon Natural Heritage Program, Portland, Oregon. 94 pp. (98 pp. PDF). CONTENTS Introduction ...................................................................... 1 Distribution Information ............................................................. 2 Oregon Map with Ecoregions and Counties .............................................. 3 Definitions ....................................................................... 4 Special Animals ................................................................... 5 Summary List ................................................................... 8 Fish ........................................................................ 8 Amphibians .................................................................. 11 Reptiles ..................................................................... 12 Birds ....................................................................... 13 Mammals ................................................................... 17 Invertebrates ................................................................. 19 Animals Arranged by Status ....................................................... 30 Federal Listed and Proposed and State Listed Animal Species ............................ 30 Federal Animal Candidates and Species of Concern ................................... 31 ODFW Sensitive Animal Species List .............................................. 32 ORNHP List 1 ............................................................... 34 ORNHP List 2 ............................................................... 35 ORNHP List 3 ............................................................... 36 ORNHP List 4 ............................................................... 37 ORNHP Taxa Considered but Rejected ............................................ 38 Special Plants .................................................................... 40 Main List ..................................................................... 43 Vascular Plants ............................................................... 43 Liverworts .................................................................. 74 Mosses .................................................................... 75 Lichens ..................................................................... 78 Fungi ...................................................................... 80 Plants Arranged by Status ........................................................ 86 USFWS Federally Listed, Proposed Taxa and Species of Concern ........................ 86 ODA State Listed, Proposed and Candidate Taxa .................................... 87 ORNHP List 1 ............................................................... 88 ORNHP List 2 ............................................................... 89 ORNHP List 3 ............................................................... 90 ORNHP List 4 ............................................................... 93 ORNHP Taxa Considered but Rejected ............................................ 93 Acknowledgments ................................................................ 97 Abbreviations .................................................................... 98 INTRODUCTION Extinction is a natural process. Today, however, Oregon Natural Heritage Program (ORNHP) plant and animal species are disappearing world-wide at ORNHP maintains comprehensive data bases for an accelerated pace. Based on current trends, half of Oregon biodiversity, concentrating on the rare and the species on earth will be extinct within the next 100 endangered plants, animals and ecosystems. Site specific years. The major cause of this phenomenon is information is available at ONRHP. The program is a large-scale destruction of native habitats, which has partnership between The Division of State Lands, The increased since European settlement began in the mid Nature Conservancy of Oregon and Oregon State 1800's - in Oregon and throughout the New World. University, currently supported primarily by federal natural resource agencies. Biologists working for these agencies, Once lost, a species can never be recovered, and together with the state's herbaria and museums, provide there is no way of knowing how useful it may have most of the information that comprise ORNHP's been. We do know that human beings and many of their databases. The Natural Heritage Advisory Council industries depend on plant and animal products. About oversees the registration and dedication of ecologically 50% of all pharmaceuticals have a natural component as significant natural areas and the creation of Oregon's an active ingredient, yet less than one percent of the Natural Heritage Plan. world's species have been chemically analyzed and tested. Many invertebrates and plants contain This book has been compiled using the most current undescribed and highly functional compounds. information available on the distribution and abundance of Limnanthes floccosa subsp. grandiflora, or wooly plants and animals native to Oregon. Although based on a meadow-foam, a rare plant that grows in southwest large volume of information, it is by no means complete. Oregon, has been recently found to produce a hybrid Much is known about some species, little about others. with the more common member of the genus, ORNHP welcomes additional information or comments Limnanthes alba. This hybrid grows well in the poorly regarding any of the taxa listed herein. Such information, drained soils of the Willamette Valley and produces a as well as data requests, should be directed to: valuable oil used for soaps, plastic and rubber production. Oregon Natural Heritage Program In addition, the new hybrid meadow-foam does not 1322 SE Morrison St. require the field burning necessary for other crops. This Portland, Oregon 97214 species, and many other Oregon natives, will be lost (503) 731-3070 without intervention. The purpose of this book is to This book will be reprinted every third year. It will provide land managers, owners and interested parties be updated each year, with updates posted on our home with a list of those species in Oregon which are in page (www.heritage.tnc.org/nhp/us/or). Copies may be greatest jeopardy. obtained at cost from ORNHP. Oregon State Endangered Species Programs Outline In 1987, the Oregon Legislature passed an The book is divided into animal and plant sections. Endangered Species Act which gave the Oregon The sections begin with a description of the animal and Department of Agriculture responsibility and jurisdiction plant programs in the state and are followed by the main over threatened and endangered plants, and reaffirmed list of animals and plants. For animals, the list is divided the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife's into major groups: fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals,