bulletin of yale university Periodicals postage paid university bulletin of yale New Haven ct 06520-8227 New Haven, Connecticut Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Programs and Policies 2004–2005 August 20, 2004 Graduate School of Arts and Sciences bulletin of yale university Series 100 Number 10 August 20, 2004 Bulletin of Yale University The University is committed to basing judgments concerning the admission, education, and employ- ment of individuals upon their qualifications and abilities and affirmatively seeks to attract to its faculty, Postmaster: Send address changes to Bulletin of Yale University, staff, and student body qualified persons of diverse backgrounds. In accordance with this policy and as PO Box 208227, New Haven ct 06520-8227 delineated by federal and Connecticut law, Yale does not discriminate in admissions, educational pro- grams, or employment against any individual on account of that individual’s sex, race, color, religion, age, disability, status as a special disabled veteran, veteran of the Vietnam era, or other covered veteran, PO Box 208230, New Haven ct 06520-8230 or national or ethnic origin; nor does Yale discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation. Periodicals postage paid at New Haven, Connecticut University policy is committed to affirmative action under law in employment of women, minority group members, individuals with disabilities, special disabled veterans, veterans of the Vietnam era, and Issued sixteen times a year: one time a year in May, November, and December; two times other covered veterans. a year in June and September; three times a year in July; six times a year in August Inquiries concerning these policies may be referred to Valerie O. Hayes, Director of the Office for Equal Opportunity Programs, 104 W. L. Harkness Hall, 203.432.0849. Managing Editor: Linda Koch Lorimer In accordance with both federal and state law, the University maintains information concerning current Editor: David J. Baker security policies and procedures and prepares an annual crime report concerning crimes committed Editorial and Publishing Office: 175 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut within the geographical limits of the University. Upon request to the Office of the Secretary of the Publication number (usps 078-500) University, PO Box 208230, New Haven ct 06520-8230, 203.432.2310, the University will provide such information to any applicant for admission. Printed in Canada In accordance with federal law, the University prepares an annual report on participation rates, financial support, and other information regarding men’s and women’s intercollegiate athletic programs. Upon The closing date for material in this bulletin was June 10, 2004. request to the Director of Athletics, PO Box 208216, New Haven ct 06520-8216, 203.432.1414, the The University reserves the right to withdraw or modify the courses of instruction or to change University will provide its annual report to any student or prospective student. the instructors at any time. Offices Serving Graduate Students ©2004 by Yale University. All rights reserved. The material in this bulletin may not be reproduced, police emergency: Dial 111 from any University telephone in whole or in part, in any form, whether in print or electronic media, without written permission health emergency: 432.0123 from Yale University. graduate housing office: 432.2167 420 Temple Street (Information about all housing for graduate students) graduate-professional student center Cover: Hall of Graduate Studies brick, honoring Wilbur Lucius Cross, dean of the Graduate : 432.2638 204 York Street (GYPSY bar; social activities) School from 1916 to 1930. Photo by Michael Marsland. graduate-professional student senate: 432.2632 204 York Street (Forum for discussion and representation of graduate and professional Graduate School Offices student concerns.) graduate student assembly Admissions 432.2771; [email protected] : 432.8893; www.yale.edu/assembly graduate student dossier service: 432.8850 Alumni Relations 432.1942; [email protected] 320 York Street (Maintains dossier files.) Dean 432.2733; [email protected] international center: 432.6460 Finance and Administration 432.2739; [email protected] 442 Temple Street (An educational and social center serving all international students, faculty, Financial Aid 432.2739; [email protected] and staff.) General Information Office 432.2770; [email protected] office of international students and scholars: 432.2305 Graduate Career Services 432.2583; [email protected] 246 Church Street (Assists all international students and scholars with immigration matters.) Graduate Teaching Center 432.2583; [email protected] office of student financial services: 432.2700 McDougal Graduate Student Center 432.2583; [email protected] 246 Church Street (Processes bills for tuition and other fees, disburses loans administered by Registrar (Deputy) 432.2743; [email protected] the Graduate School.) payroll department Teaching Fellow Program 432.2757; [email protected] : 432.5408 155 Whitney Avenue (Disburses fellowship, traineeship, and assistantship stipends.) student employment office: 432.0167 Internet: www.yale.edu/graduateschool 246 Church Street (Assists students in obtaining part-time employment both inside and outside the University.) Copies of this publication may be obtained from Graduate School Student Services and Reception student loan office: 432.2727 Office, Yale University, PO Box 208236, New Haven ct 06520-8236. Cost is $5.00 (U.S.), prepaid. 246 Church Street (Processes federal loans authorized by the Graduate School Financial Aid Office. Handles questions about repayment of student loans.) The text has been printed on recycled paper. university health service: 432.0246 [urgent visit: 432.0123] 17 Hillhouse Avenue (Concerned with all health problems of member students and dependents. 24-hour coverage for emergency problems is available throughout the calendar year.) university police: 432.4400 Phelps Gateway, Old Campus (Any student arrested by the New Haven Police Department for other than minor traffic violation should immediately contact the Chief of the University Police Dept. at 432.4407.) Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Programs and Policies 2004–2005 bulletin of yale university Series 100 Number 10 August 20, 2004 Contents The President and Fellows of Yale University 7 The Officers of Yale University 8 The Administration of the Graduate School 9 Calendar 10 A Message from the Dean 11 The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences 12 Yale and the World 12 Resources for Research and Study 14 The Dean 14 The Associate and Assistant Deans 14 Directors of Graduate Studies 15 Office for Diversity and Equal Opportunity 16 Teaching 16 The McDougal Graduate Student Center 16 Office of Finance and Administration 19 Office of Financial Aid 19 Office of Graduate Admissions 20 Registrar’s Office 20 Committees 20 Graduate Student Assembly (GSA)21 Graduate-Professional Student Senate (GPSS)21 Departments and Programs 22 African American Studies 23 African Studies 31 American Studies 38 Anthropology 47 Applied Mathematics 55 Applied Physics 57 Archaeological Studies 58 Astronomy 62 Atmospheric Science 65 Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Combined Program in the 66 Biomedical Engineering 69 Cell Biology 70 Cellular and Molecular Physiology 73 Chemical Engineering 76 Chemistry 77 Classics 82 Comparative Literature 88 4 Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 96 Computer Science 98 East Asian Languages and Literatures 104 East Asian Studies 112 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 114 Economic History 120 Economics 121 Electrical Engineering 131 Engineering and Applied Science 132 English Language and Literature 147 Environmental Engineering, Program in 153 Epidemiology and Public Health 154 European Studies, Council on 174 Experimental Pathology 180 Film Studies 184 Forestry & Environmental Studies 188 French 191 Genetics 196 Geology and Geophysics 200 Germanic Languages and Literatures 207 History 211 History of Art 227 History of Medicine and Science 234 Immunobiology 240 International and Development Economics 245 International Relations 246 Investigative Medicine 254 Italian Language and Literature 257 Judaic Studies 261 Latin American and Iberian Studies, Council on 262 Linguistics 265 Management 272 Mathematics 276 Mechanical Engineering 278 Medieval Studies 279 Microbiology 281 Middle East Studies, Council on 285 Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry 287 Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology 293 Music 299 Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations 303 Neurobiology 311 Neuroscience 319 Pharmacology 324 Contents 5 Philosophy 327 Physics 332 Political Science 338 Psychology 350 Religious Studies 362 Renaissance Studies 368 Slavic Languages and Literatures 371 Sociology 375 Southeast Asia Studies, Council on 381 Spanish and Portuguese 383 Statistics 387 The Whitney Seminars 393 Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies 394 Research Institutes 398 The Cowles Foundation 398 The Economic Growth Center 398 Institution for Social and Policy Studies 399 International Security Studies 399 Yale Center for International and Area Studies 400 Yale Center for the Study of Globalization 403 Policies and Regulations 405 Admissions 405 Programs of Study 406 Full-Time Degree Candidacy Part-Time Study Nondegree Study Interdisciplinary Study Combined and Joint-Degree Programs Exchange Scholar Program International Graduate Student Exchange Agreements Degree Requirements