Thermal Design of Lithium Bromide-Water Solution

Thermal Design of Lithium Bromide-Water Solution

THERMAL DESIGN OF LITHIUM BROMIDE-WATER SOLUTION VAPOR ABSORPTION COOLING SYSTEM FOR INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING FOR IT POD by DIGVIJAY RAMKRISHNA SAWANT Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON DECEMBER 2014 Copyright © by Digvijay R Sawant 2014 All Rights Reserved ii Acknowledgements I appreciate to my thesis advisor Dr. Dereje Agonafer, for his worthful guidance and corroborative support throughout my thesis. He has always helped me to make things happen which was slightly difficult for me in academics. I also want to thank my committee members, Dr. Kent Lawrence and Dr. Haji Sheikh for being in committee. I would like to thank each and every EMNSPC member at UTA for being with me and my research work. I thank Ms. Sally Thompson and Debi Barton for being such a excellent supportive staff. It gives me immense pleasure to thank my roommates and friends for being supportive to each other during happy and sad moments during our such great journey. Lastly but not least people who gave me a great support for everything I wanted to do, are my family members. I owe them a lot for being such supportive family. My brother Kamlesh and uncle Anil who is just not a brother and uncle but a best guide and friend. I owe them a lot in my life. Behind my most of the successes they always stood behind me. My mother always used to encourage me to do something new and my father was always behind me as a solid rock. My sister in law was always supported me for good thing. Thank you for being such a great, supportive and encouraging family. November 24, 2014 iii Abstract THERMAL DESIGN OF LITHIUM BROMIDE-WATER SOLUTION VAPOR ABSORPTION COOLING SYSTEM FOR INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE COOLING FOR IT POD Digvijay Sawant, MS The University of Texas at Arlington, 2014 Supervising Professor: Dereje Agonafer Nowadays with increase use of Internet, mobile there is increase in heat, which ultimately increases the efficient cooling system of server room or IT POD. Use of traditional ways of cooling system has ultimately increased CO₂ emission and depletion of CFC’s are serious environmental issues which led scientific people to improve cooling techniques and eliminate use of CFC’s. To reduce dependency on fossil fuels and environmental friendly system needed to be design. For being utilizing low grade energy source such as solar collector and reducing dependency on fossil fuel vapor absorption cooling system has shown a great driving force in today’s refrigeration systems. This LiBr-water absorption cooling consists of five heat exchanger namely: Evaporator, Absorber, Solution Heat Exchanger, Generator, and Condenser. The thermal design was done for a iv load of 23 kW and the procedure was described in the thesis. There are 120 servers in the IT POD emitting 196 W of heat each on full load and some of the heat was generated by the computer placed inside the IT POD. A detailed procedure has been discussed. A excel spreadsheet was to prepared with varying tube sizes to see the effect on flows and ultimately overall heat transfer coefficient. v Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ iii Abstract .................................................................................................................. iv List of Illustrations ............................................................................................... viii List of Tables ......................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1 Introduction to traditional data center and IT POD (Modular data center) .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Comparison of IT POD (Modular data center) and Traditional data center ........................................................................................................... 3 1.1 First Generation Modular data center ........................................................... 4 1.3 Second generation Modular data center ........................................................ 5 Chapter 2 Basic vapor compression refrigeration cycle ......................................... 6 2.1 Ammonia absorption refrigeration system ................................................... 9 2.2 Lithium bromide absorption refrigeration cycle ......................................... 10 2.3 Objective of the thesis ................................................................................. 11 Chapter 3 Equilibrium chart for aqueous bromide solutions ................................ 12 Chapter 4 Evaporator ............................................................................................ 13 4.1 Tube side heat transfer coefficient hi .......................................................... 13 4.1.1 Shah’s Method ..................................................................................... 14 vi 4.1.2 Kandalikar’s Method ........................................................................... 16 4.2 Shell Side heat transfer coefficient ho ........................................................ 16 Chapter 5 Absorber ............................................................................................... 18 5.1 Absorber Analysis ....................................................................................... 20 5.2 Shell Side Heat Transfer coefficient ho ...................................................... 20 5.3 Tube Side Heat Transfer coefficient hi ....................................................... 21 Chapter 6 Solution heat Exchanger ....................................................................... 22 6.1 Solution heat exchanger Analysis ............................................................... 22 6.2 Tubes side heat transfer coefficient hi ........................................................ 23 6.3 Shell Side heat transfer coefficient ho ........................................................ 24 Chapter 7 Generator .............................................................................................. 25 7.1 Analysis of Generator ................................................................................. 26 Chapter 8 Condenser ............................................................................................. 27 8.1 Condenser Analysis .................................................................................... 27 8.2 Tube side heat transfer coefficient hi .......................................................... 27 8.3 Shell side heat transfer coefficient ho ......................................................... 28 Chapter 9 Conclusion and future work ................................................................. 29 References ............................................................................................................. 32 Biographical Information ...................................................................................... 34 vii List of Illustrations Figure 1-1 First Containerized data center by Sun Microsystem .......................... 2 Figure 1-2 Modular vs Traditional Data Center deployment cost in US$ .............. 2 Figure 1-3 Comparison of Modular data center and Traditional data center .......... 3 Figure 1-4 Sun Microsystem Containerized data center ......................................... 5 Figure 2-1 Vapor compression refrigeration system .............................................. 6 Figure 2-2 Pressure enthalpy chart ......................................................................... 7 Figure 2-3 Lithium bromide refrigeration system ................................................ 10 Figure 3-1 Equilibrium chart for aqueous lithium bromide solution .................... 12 Figure 4-1 Evaporator analysis ..............................................................................13 Figure 5-1 Absorber analysis ................................................................................ 18 Figure 5-2 Effect of absorber inlet LiBr percentage ratio .................................... 19 Figure 5-3 Effect of solution strength ................................................................... 20 Figure 6-1 Solution heat exchanger analysis ........................................................ 22 Figure 7-1 Effect of generator temperature .......................................................... 25 Figure 7-2 Generator analysis ............................................................................... 25 Figure 8-1 Analysis of condenser ......................................................................... 27 viii List of Tables Table 9-1 State points of LiBr-Water absorption cooling system ........................ 29 Table 9-2 Values of Heat transfer coefficient(W/m^2 K) .................................... 30 ix Chapter 1 Introduction to traditional data center and IT POD (Modular data center) Data Center is “IT Equipment” which can execute functions like store, process, manage and interchange alphanumerical data and information either individually or simultaneously, in order to effect communication. Along with the fast progress in the economies, industries, technologies around the world, there is an epitomic development in the information management systems. In today’s world, basic activities

View Full Text

Details

  • File Type
    pdf
  • Upload Time
    -
  • Content Languages
    English
  • Upload User
    Anonymous/Not logged-in
  • File Pages
    43 Page
  • File Size
    -

Download

Channel Download Status
Express Download Enable

Copyright

We respect the copyrights and intellectual property rights of all users. All uploaded documents are either original works of the uploader or authorized works of the rightful owners.

  • Not to be reproduced or distributed without explicit permission.
  • Not used for commercial purposes outside of approved use cases.
  • Not used to infringe on the rights of the original creators.
  • If you believe any content infringes your copyright, please contact us immediately.

Support

For help with questions, suggestions, or problems, please contact us