HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRIOA.:" SINCE-~~;T;~~~;~r .-- G d IL - DhananJayarao a gl 1111111111111111111111111111111111 GIPE-PUNE-002: BY GEORGE MCCALL THEAL, LITT.D., "rLir' ... ,08&IQ. ..aIlB&R o. I'R. ROYAL .ACADBKY or am ••o • ., ~ ___B1i8!'01rDIN<! IIBIIBD o. '1'&. BOY.., .......M •• tMM:mnT, LONDON, BTC. t BT<J., ETC., PO •••RLV ~".P.B O' UB AILOBIV" O' TnB CA.PB COLORY, AND .£.'1: PRB81!1NT COLONIAL BI&'J'OBIOOaAPSBB WITH SIXTEEN MAPS AND CHARTS I~ FIVE VOLUMES VOL. II. THE CAPE COLONY FROM 1828 TO 1846, NATAL FROM 1824 TO 1845, AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE EMIGRANT FARMERS It'ROM 1836 TO 1847 LONDON SWA N SONNENSCHEIN & CO., LIM. 25 HIGH STREET, BLOOMSBlTRY 1908 _ All riyht. .........a HISTORY- - OF 'SOUTH AFRICA. The latest 'and most complet~ edition of this work consists of :---- History' and' Ethnography of A/rica south 0/ the Zambesi from the .settlement 0/ the Portuguese at So/ala in September I505 to' the conquest 0/ the Cape Colony by the BriHsh in September I795. In three volumes. Volume I contains a description of the Bushmen, H~tten­ tots, and Bantu, aI). account,o{the first voyages round the Cape ..¢:-GoocrHope of the Portuguese, the French, the English, and .- the Dutch, and a history of the Portuguese in South Africa in early times. Volumes II and III contain a history of the administration of the Dutch-East India Company'in South Africa, &c., &c. History 0/ South A/rica since' September I795. In five volumes. Volume I contains a history of the Cape Colony from 1795 to 1828 and an account of the Zulu wars of devastation and the formation of new Bantu communities. Volume I lis the one in the reader's hands. Volume III contains a history of the' Cape Colony from 1846 to 1860, of Natal from 1845 to 1857, of British Kaffraria from 1847 to. 1860, and of the Orange River Sovereignty and the Transvaal Republic from 1847 to 1854. Volume IV contains a history of the Orange Free State, the South African Republic, Zululand, Basutoland, Betshuana- land; and Matabeleland from 1854 to 1872. Volume V contains a history of the Cape Colony and Natal to 1872, Griqualand \Vest to 1880, Great Namaqua­ land, Damaraland, Transkei, Tembuland, and Griqualand East to 1885, Pond oland and the Portuguese Territory to 1894. Each or'these vol, :..xed and may be had separately from the other~. < CONTE NTS. CHAPTER XVII. LIEUTENANT-GENERAL BIR GALBRAITH LOWRY COLE, GOVERNOR, INSTALLED 9m SEPrBlIBEB 182~, RETIRED 10TH AUGUST 1833. LIEl'TBNANT-COLONBL THOMAS FRANCIS WADE, ACTING GOVERNOR,. 10ni. AUGUST 1833 TO 16TH JA!llJARY 1834•. Dealings with Kaffir clans.-l.ccount of commandos in 1824 and 1825.-Changes made by successive governors in the mode of trying to recover stolen cattle.-Distribution of the clans between the Fish and Keiskama rivers.-Acknowledgment of Ndlambe a8 independent of Gaika.-Raid by Makoma upon a Tembu clan.-Expulsion of Makoma and his people from the valley· of the Kat river.-Location of Hottentots in the upper valleys of the Kat river.-Admission of Ksffirs into the colony as servanta.-Establishment of a military post at Gwalana.-Location of· Europeans along the Koonap river under a .ystem of military tenure.-Instructions by the aecretary of .tate prohibiting the alienation of crown landa in any other manner than by public sale.-Events cOlmected with the liberation of the press from the control of the executive branch of the government.-Alterations snd improve­ menta in Capetowll.-Establishment of savings banks.­ Foundation of the South African college.-Formation of the village of Malmesbury.-F..stablishment of churches at Glen Lynden and Wynberg.-Construction of a good road over Sir Lowry's pass.-Retrenchment in public expenditure.­ Ranges by a robber band on the northern border.-Ordinance concerning command08.-Ita disallowance by the imperial government.-Retirement of Sir Lowry Cole.-Temporary administration of Lieutenan' ... • ,;ade.-Arrival of Governor Sir Benjamin D'Urban ... C IV Contents. CHAPTER XVIIL MAJOR-GENERAL SIR BENJAMIN D'URBAN, GOV~RNOR, INSTALLED 16TH JANUARY 1834; DISMISSED 20TH JANUARY 1838. Particulars concerning Sir Benjamin D'Urban.-Policy of the im­ perial government towards South Africa.-Particulars concerning the public revenue, expenditure, debt, customs duties, the wine trade, production of wool, exports,and ships putting into Table Bay.-Severe retrenchml)nt in the civil service.-Re­ vised charter of justice.-Unsuccessful effOl·ts of the colonists to· obtain a representative legislature.-Creation of legislative and executive councils.-Communications of the go.vernor to the Xos~ chiefs.-Condition of western Kaffirland.-Death of Ndlambe, Dushane, and Gaika.-Appointment of Makoma as regent of the Gaikas during the minority of Sandile.-Estab­ lishmillit of mission stations in the Kaffir country by the London, Glasgow, Wesleyan, and Moravian societies.-Expansion of trade with the Kaffirs.-Constant depPedations by the Kaffirs. ~Account of various patrols and commandos sent to recover stolen cattle.-Slight rectification of the boundary.-Expulsion of Makoma, Tyali, and Botumane from the ceded territory.­ Preparations of the Xosas for war.-Particulars of the treaty made . by the governor with the Griqua captain Andries Waterboer 30 CHAPTER XIX. MAjOR-GENERAL SIR BENJAMIN D'URBAN, GOVERNoR-(continued). Agitation in the colony arising from new laws for the treatment of slaves.-Ordinary condition of millions of Africans compared with that of slaves to Europeans.-Particulars concerning tho introduction of slaves.into the Cape Colony.-General treatment of the slaves.-'-Establishment in 1816 of a slave registry._ Succession of laws limiting tho authority of slavenwners.­ Scheme of Lord Charles Somerset for the extinction of slavery. -:;Attitude of the colonists.-Proposal of the colonists for the gradual extinction of slavery.-.Attitude of Sir Lowry Cole.­ Formation of a society for the purpose of purchasing slaves for manumission.-Particulars of the imperial emancipation act.­ Manner of carrying out emancipation in South Africa.-Number . of the slaves.-Great distress caused by the loss of two millions worth of property.-Effect of the emancipation upon agricul­ ture and sheep breeding.-Tone of the abolitionist press.~· Agitation concerning an attempt to paes an ordinance against vagrancy.-Condition of the British settlers.-Growth of GrahamBtown and Port Elizabeth.-Agitation for a distinct government in the eastern province.-Abolition of the com- missioner-generalship.-Expansion of mission work 60 .CHAPTER XX. IIAJOB-GENEBAL SIB BENJAIIIIN D'UllBAN, GOVEBNOB:-(COtititlued). THE SIXTH XAFF'IB WAB. Strength and distribution of the military force in South Africa.­ Incessant depredations by the Katlirs.-Account· of . a patrol under Ensign Sparks.-Attack upon a patrol under Lieutenant Sutton.-Attempt by Makoma and Tyali to entrap Colonel Somerset.-Invasion of the colony by a great horde of Kaffir warriors.-Devastatioll of the frontier districta and murder of many colonista.-Instance of marked humanity of a Kaffir.­ Pillage of the trading stations in KafHrland and murder of some of the traders.-Abandonment of the three frontier forts by the military.-State of the Hottentots at the Kat river.­ Distres8 of the frontier colonists. - Arrival of Lieutenant­ Colonel Smith at Grahamstown.-Despatch of troops from: Capetown.-Insidious proposals for peace by Tyali and Makoma. -Enrolment of burgher and Hottentot forces.-Expedition against the chief Eno.-Arrival of Sir Benjamin: D'Urban. on the frontier.-lleasures for relief of the destitllte.-Rescueof the missionaries and surviving traders io Kaffirland.-Military operatiolls against the Kaffirs.-Arrangements with the Tembu and Pondo chiefs.-Condition of their tribes.-Raid by the Basuto chief MOBhesh into Kaffirland . 85 CHAPTER XXI. IIAJOB-GENEBAL 81R BENJAMIN D'UBBAN, GOVEBNOR-(continlled). CONCLUSION 01' THE SIX-rH KAYFIB WAR. Illvaaion of Kaffirland by a strong force under Sir Benjamin D'Urbrm: -Descl'iption of the country along the base of the Amatolas. -Condition of the emigrant Tembus. -Militsry operations along the base of the Amatola mountains.-Entrance of tho colonial force into Hiotas's territory.-Character of Hintsa'"7"" vi Contenis. Destruction of the. mission buildings at Butterworth.-Con­ dition of the Fingos.-Pllln adopted by Sir Benjamin D'Urban for the settlement of border difficulties.-Military operations against the Galekas.-Terms of peace with Hintsa.-Removal of the Fingos to the territory between" the Keiskama and Fish rivers.'"-Plunder of cattle by the FillgOS from the Galekas.­ Rejection of. terms of pellce by the Rarabes~-Annexation of ,the territory between the border of lR19 and the Kei river to the British dominions. - Dellth of Hintsa. - Agreement of peace with Kl-eU.-Continuation of the war with the Rarabes. " -Attitude of various missionaries.-Conclusion of peace with the Rarabes.·:"Partition of territory among the different clans.­ Misery caused to the colonists by the war.-Condition of the RarabeS at the close of the war.-Gain to the Fingos by the wllr 106 CHAPTER XXII. MAJOR-GENERAL SIR BENJAMIN D'URBAN. GOVERNoR-(oontinued). ABANDONMENT OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEEN ADELAIJ)E. Arrangements for the administration of the province of Queen Adelaide.-Census of the province.~Re8umption of their work by the missionaries.-Dealings with the emigrant" Tembus.­ Annexation to the colony of the land between the Stormberg spruit and the Kraai river.-Cession of territory by the chief Kreli• ...,...First landing of goods at the mouth of the Buffalo ri~er.-Popularity