City of Green Bay, Wisconsin Architectural and Historical Intensive Survey Report Phase 1 By Rowan Davidson, Associate AIA & Jennifer L. Lehrke, AIA, NCARB Legacy Architecture, Inc. 605 Erie Avenue, Suite 101 Sheboygan, Wisconsin 53081 and Wm. Jason Flatt, PE Historic Preservation Specialist City of Green Bay Community & Economic Development 100 N. Jefferson Street, Room 608 Green Bay, Wisconsin 54301 Project Director of the Sponsoring Agency Jason Tish, Certified Local Government & Preservation Education Coordinator Wisconsin Historical Society State Historic Preservation Office 816 State Street Madison, Wisconsin 53706 2021 Acknowledgments This program receives Federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or disability or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to Office of the Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C Street NW, Washington, DC 20240. The activity that is the subject of this intensive survey report has been financed entirely with Federal Funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, and administered by the Wisconsin Historical Society. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior or the Wisconsin Historical Society, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior or the Wisconsin Historical Society. The authors would like to thank the following persons or organizations for their assistance in completing this project: Wisconsin Historical Society City of Green Bay Department of Planning & Projects Daina Penkiunas, State Historic Preservation Officer Peggy Veregin, National Register Coordinator Stephanie Hummel, Planner Jason Tish, Certified Local Government & Preservation Jason Flatt, Historic Preservation Specialist Education Coordinator City of Green Bay Landmarks Commission Susan Ley Ian Griffiths David Siegel Paul Martzke Alder Mark Steuer Ron Dehn All photographs contained in this report were taken by Legacy Architecture, Inc. unless otherwise noted. Abstract This report documents the first of several phases of an architectural and historical intensive survey of resources located within the boundaries of the City of Green Bay, Wisconsin, as of 2021. The first part of the survey consisted of a reconnaissance survey of the western side of the Fox River in the City of Green Bay covering the old Fort Howard neighborhoods and industrial areas to the north and south. The survey was conducted by the principal and assistant investigators; after which, a research effort was conducted to ascertain the architectural and historical significance of the resources identified during the reconnaissance survey. The resulting products of the project were produced according to standards set by the Wisconsin Historical Society’s State Historic Preservation Office and include the following: Intensive Survey Report The intensive survey report includes a summary of the research and a brief history of the community. It provides a historical context for the evaluation of historic resources and serves as a means for identifying significant properties, complexes, and districts eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. It also contains recommendations for future surveys, research, priorities for National Register listing, and strategies for historic preservation. Survey Maps Survey maps indicate all previously and newly surveyed properties as well as properties already listed in the National Register of Historic Places. These maps are included in the Survey Results Chapter in this intensive survey report. Electronic Documents The Wisconsin Historical Society’s website contains an electronic database, called the Architecture and Historic Inventory (AHI), for all inventoried properties. It can be viewed at www.wisconsinhistory.org. Also, an electronic copy of this report is saved on a compact disc and held at the Wisconsin Historical Society. 2 Table of Contents Contents Page Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................1 Abstract ....................................................................................................................2 Table of Contents .....................................................................................................3 Chapter 1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................5 Chapter 2 Survey Methodology ................................................................................................7 Chapter 3 Historical Overview ...............................................................................................13 Chapter 4 Historic Indians ......................................................................................................21 Chapter 5 Government............................................................................................................25 Chapter 6 Settlement ..............................................................................................................27 Chapter 7 Industry ..................................................................................................................31 Chapter 8 Transportation ........................................................................................................47 Chapter 9 Architecture............................................................................................................51 Chapter 10 Education .............................................................................................................107 Chapter 11 Religion ................................................................................................................111 Chapter 12 Commerce ............................................................................................................115 Chapter 13 Planning & Landscape Architecture ....................................................................121 Chapter 14 Notable People .....................................................................................................123 Chapter 15 Bibliography ........................................................................................................127 Chapter 16 Survey Results .....................................................................................................133 Chapter 17 Recommendations ................................................................................................143 Chapter 18 Notes ....................................................................................................................151 Chapter 19 Appendix ..............................................................................................................156 Income-Producing Property Tax Credit Program Brochure Residential Property Tax Credit Program Brochure Guidelines for Planning Historic Preservation Tax Credit Projects in Wisconsin Application Instructions for Federal and State Income-Producing Tax Credits 3 This page intentionally left blank. 4 1 Introduction The City of Green Bay received a Historic Preservation grant-in-aid administered by the Wisconsin Historical Society from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior to hire Legacy Architecture, Inc., an architectural, interior design, and historic preservation consulting firm based in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, to conduct the first phase of an intensive survey of architecturally and historically significant resources within the boundaries of the City of Green Bay, Wisconsin. The major objective of the project was to identify individual resources, complexes, and districts of architectural or historical significance that are potentially eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The survey was executed during the period from May 2021 to August 2021 by principal investigators Rowan Davidson and W. Jason Flatt with editorial assistance by Jennifer L. Lehrke and clerical assistance by Gail Biederwolf of Legacy Architecture, Inc. It consisted of several major work elements: completing a reconnaissance survey, conducting research, evaluating resources, and preparing an intensive survey report. The boundaries of the first phase of the survey were delineated as shown on the Survey Boundaries Map at the end of Chapter 2 and comprise approximately 3,600 acres of the city’s total 35,686 acres. The survey identified approximately 338 resources of architectural and historical interest, including 13 individually eligible resources. The purpose of this survey report was not to write a definitive history of the City of Green Bay, but rather to provide an overview of the history of the city in relation to a series of themes or study units, and to provide basic information on the resources that were identified during the reconnaissance survey, which can be used in future planning decisions and increasing public awareness of the history and architecture of the community.