Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. i SESSION 1 Re. Exploitation of Children in Orphanages in the State of Tamil Nadu v. Union of India ........... 1 Center for Child Rights through its Co-Director v. Union of India ................................................ 5 SESSION 2 Dharam Deo Yadav v. State of U.P. ............................................................................................... 7 Crime Scene Management .............................................................................................................. 9 Expert Scientific Evidence ............................................................................................................ 10 DNA and Identity of Skeleton ...................................................................................................... 11 Investigation in Rape Cases: Need for Proactive Approach ......................................................... 12 Case Law Referred:................................................................................................................... 12 Adverse Comments on Manner of Investigation and Trial ....................................................... 14 Unwarranted Acquittal and Remedy for Prevention:................................................................ 15 Collection of Circumstantial Evidence: .................................................................................... 16 Mandatory Examination of Accused, Collection of Evidence, Training to Examining Forensic Medical Practitioners: ............................................................................................................... 16 Prohibition of Finger Test on Rape Survivors: ......................................................................... 17 Establishment of Modern Forensic Sciences Laboratory: ........................................................ 17 Thorough Investigation by Efficient Investigation Officers: .................................................... 17 Protection of Witnesses: ........................................................................................................... 17 Strict Action against Investigating Officers, Medical Officers and Other: .............................. 18 Development of Policies and Protocols: ................................................................................... 18 Proper Training is given to Judicial Officers: ........................................................................... 18 SESSION 3 The Psychology of Trial Judging .................................................................................................. 19 Legal Training, Legal Precedent and Role Constraints ............................................................ 20 Does Legal Training and Experience Insulate Judges From Common Cognitive Errors? ....... 20 Sentencing Decisions: Deviations from the Ideal Norm........................................................... 21 Workshop to Assess Nature of Difficulties Faced by POCSO Courts [P-945] Page i Intellectual, Attitudinal and Political and Context Effects On Judicial Gate Keeping Decisions ................................................................................................................................................... 22 Judicial Concerns with Distributive versus Procedural Justice ................................................ 24 Judges as Alternatives to Juries ................................................................................................ 24 Future Research Topics............................................................................................................. 25 Recommended Reading ............................................................................................................ 25 References ................................................................................................................................. 25 SESSION 4 Dharam Deo Yadav v. State of U.P. ............................................................................................. 29 SESSION 5, 6 & 7 Jitendra Singh @ Babboo Singh v. State of U.P. ......................................................................... 43 Madan B. Lokur, J. ....................................................................................................................... 43 T.S. Thakur, J. ............................................................................................................................... 58 Abuzar Hossain @ Gulam Hossain v. State of West Bengal........................................................ 69 R.M. Lodha, J................................................................................................................................ 69 T.S. Thakur, J. ............................................................................................................................... 86 SESSION 8 Defining Child Pornography: Law Enforcement Dilemmas in Investigations of Internet Child Pornography Possession................................................................................................................ 91 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 92 Issues in Internet Child Pornography ........................................................................................ 92 What is Internet Child Pornography?................................................................................... 92 Law Enforcement Investigations of Internet Child Pornography ......................................... 93 Dilemmas in Investigating Internet Child Pornography Possession .................................... 93 Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 94 Research Design ................................................................................................................... 94 Data Collection and Procedures .......................................................................................... 95 Study Population and Sample ............................................................................................... 95 Non-arrest Cases ................................................................................................................... 96 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 97 Internet Child Pornography Possession Cases Where No Offender was Arrested .............. 97 Workshop to Assess Nature of Difficulties Faced by POCSO Courts [P-945] Page ii Evaluating the Nature of Child Pornography Images .......................................................... 98 Determining the Age of Children Depicted in Child Pornography Images.......................... 99 Discussion and Recommendations ......................................................................................... 101 Limitations .......................................................................................................................... 101 Recommendations Related to Defining Child Pornography ............................................... 101 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 102 Ranjit D. Udeshi v. State of Maharashtra ................................................................................... 104 M. Hidayatullah J. ....................................................................................................................... 104 Shri Chandrakant Kalyandas Kakodkar v. The State of Maharashtra ........................................ 117 Samaresh Bose v. Amal Mitra .................................................................................................... 124 A.N. Sen, J. ................................................................................................................................. 124 Raju Thapa v. State of Uttarakhand ............................................................................................ 147 B.S. Verma, J. ............................................................................................................................. 147 SESSION 9 Privacy & Media Law ................................................................................................................. 155 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 155 Constitutional Framework of Privacy ..................................................................................... 156 International Conventions ....................................................................................................... 157 Public Person .......................................................................................................................... 158 The court commented: ............................................................................................................ 159 Safeguarding Identity of Children .......................................................................................... 160 Safeguarding Identity of Rape Victims..................................................................................