The Publication of Kashmir Sabha, Calcutta "Cultural Heritage of India - Kashmiri Pandit Contribution" KASHMIR BHAWAN, CALCUTTA CK-35 (NEAR CK MARKET) KARUNAMOYEE, SALT LAKE CALCUTTA-700 091 PHONE: 358 3932 Vol. XXXII (1998(1998----1999)1999) Vitasta Annual Number Page Intentionally Left Blank ii Vol. XXXII (1998-1999) VViittaassttaa AAnnnnuuaall NNuummbbeerr Vol. XXXII (1998(1998----1999)1999) iii Vitasta Annual Number CCCooonnnttteeennntttsss page Contents ..................................................................................................................... v 1 Editorial ........................................................................................................... 1-2 2 FROM THE PRESIDENT'S DESK ............................................................... 2-4 3 KASHMIR - A GLIMPSE IN TIME .............................................................. 3-7 3.1 EARLY ACCOUNTS .................................................................................................. 3-7 3.2 ISLAMIC INFLUENCE .............................................................................................. 3-8 3.3 MODERN HISTORY ................................................................................................ 3-10 3.4 LANDMARKS OF SRINAGAR ............................................................................... 3-11 3.5 HOLY SHRINES ....................................................................................................... 3-12 3.6 LANGUAGE ............................................................................................................. 3-12 3.7 MUSIC, DANCE AND THEATRE .......................................................................... 3-12 3.8 FOOD ......................................................................................................................... 3-13 3.9 ARTS AND CRAFTS................................................................................................ 3-13 4 ON THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE ........................... 4-15 5 DESCENT FROM KASHMIR ..................................................................... 5-17 6 KASHMIR - THE HOME OF SANSKRIT LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE ..................................................................................................... 6-20 6.1 ALANKARA SASTRA OR POETICS ..................................................................... 6-21 6.2 ABHINAVAGUPTA ................................................................................................. 6-21 6.3 KSHEMENDRA - FATHER OF SOCIAL SATIRE ................................................ 6-23 6.4 FABLE LITERATURE ............................................................................................. 6-23 7 CONTRIBUTION TO SANSKRIT LITERATURE .................................... 7-25 7.1 FOREWORD ............................................................................................................. 7-25 8 CONTRIBUTION TO POETICS AND DRAMATURGY ......................... 8-37 9 CLASSIFIED LIST OF THE SANSKRIT WORKS OF KASHMIR .......... 9-48 10 FOREWORD TO SOMADEVA'S KATHASARITSAGARA .............. 10-57 11 KSEMENDRA - A PEOPLE'S POET .................................................... 11-59 12 ON KASHMIRI LANGUAGE ............................................................... 12-61 12.1 Kashmiri and its dialects .......................................................................................... 12-61 12.2 Linguistic Characteristics......................................................................................... 12-63 12.3 Script ........................................................................................................................ 12-64 13 POETRY OF SHAIK-UL-AALAM........................................................ 13-65 14 KASHMIRIS IN THE SERVICE OF URDU ......................................... 14-69 15 KASHMIRIS IN THE SERVICE OF URDU ......................................... 15-71 15.1 Court Language ........................................................................................................ 15-71 15.2 Mother Tongue......................................................................................................... 15-71 15.3 Literary Giant ........................................................................................................... 15-71 15.4 Our Own Time ......................................................................................................... 15-72 16 CHAKBAST: THE POET OF PATRIOTISM ....................................... 16-73 17 SHANKAR RAMAYANA BY SWAMI SHANKAR RAZDAN .......... 17-76 v Vitasta Annual Number 17.1 VAAKH SIDHI ....................................................................................................... 17-76 17.2 ADOPTS CHILD ..................................................................................................... 17-77 17.3 SPURNED ............................................................................................................... 17-77 18 CONTRIBUTION OF KASHMIR TO INDIAN LITERATURE .......... 18-79 18.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 18-79 18.2 Historical Literature ................................................................................................. 18-79 18.3 Medicine .................................................................................................................. 18-80 18.4 Grammar and Philology ........................................................................................... 18-81 18.5 Poetics ...................................................................................................................... 18-82 18.6 Other Critics ............................................................................................................. 18-84 18.7 Metrics and Prosody ................................................................................................ 18-84 18.8 Lexicography ........................................................................................................... 18-85 18.9 Music........................................................................................................................ 18-85 18.10 Epics ..................................................................................................................... 18-85 18.11 Shorter Poems (Khanda Kavyas) ......................................................................... 18-86 18.12 Gnomic and Didactic Poetry ................................................................................ 18-87 18.13 Devotional Poetry ................................................................................................ 18-87 18.14 Anthologies (Subhasitavali) ................................................................................. 18-88 18.15 Popular Tales ....................................................................................................... 18-88 18.16 Drama ................................................................................................................... 18-88 18.17 Buddhist Literature .............................................................................................. 18-89 18.18 Kashmirian Saivism ............................................................................................. 18-90 19 ART, CULTURE AND FOOD ............................................................... 19-92 19.1 Means of recreation.................................................................................................. 19-92 19.2 Music........................................................................................................................ 19-92 19.3 Dancing .................................................................................................................... 19-93 19.4 Popularity of music and dancing in Kasmira ........................................................... 19-93 19.5 Nature of music and dancing ................................................................................... 19-93 19.6 Theatrical performances ........................................................................................... 19-94 19.7 Other sports .............................................................................................................. 19-94 19.8 Arts and Crafts ......................................................................................................... 19-95 19.9 Dress and Ornaments ............................................................................................... 19-96 19.10 Cosmetics and other requisites of personal decoration ........................................ 19-96 19.11 Food and drinks.................................................................................................... 19-96 20 AYURVEDA ........................................................................................... 20-98 21 POSITION OF WOMEN IN ANCIENT KASHMIR ........................... 21-104 21.1 WOMEN OUTSIDE MARRIAGE........................................................................ 21-105 22 KASHMIRI PANDIT MARRIAGES - MAIN FEATURES ................ 22-106 22.1 BRAHAMDEVA ................................................................................................... 22-106 22.2 KANYA-DAAN .................................................................................................... 22-106 22.3 VIVAAHA