E2986 v2 FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA Public Disclosure Authorized ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT OF AMBO-WOLISO ROAD PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized Final Public Disclosure Authorized March 2012 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT (Final) i Ambo - Wolisso Road Project TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................... I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... I 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Project Background............................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Objectives of the Consultancy Services and the ESIA Study ............................................ 1 1.3. Approach and Methodology of the ESIA Study ................................................................ 1 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE ROAD PROJECT .......................................................................... 5 3 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ........................................... 7 3.1 The Constitution of FDRE ................................................................................................. 7 3.2 Relevant National Policies and Strategies ......................................................................... 7 3.3 The World Bank Safeguard Policies ................................................................................ 11 3.3.1 OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment (EA) ........................................................ 11 3.3.2 OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement .................................................................... 12 3.4 Environmental Framework Legislations .......................................................................... 13 3.4.1 Proclamation on Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs .................... 13 3.4.2 Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment .............................................. 14 3.4.3 Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control ................................................. 14 3.4.4 Proclamation on Development, Conservation and Utilization of Wildlife ............. 14 3.4.5 Proclamation on Forest Development, Conservation and Utilization ..................... 15 3.4.6 Proclamation on Expropriation of Land Holdings and Payment of Compensation 15 3.4.7 Proclamation on Rural Land Administration and Land Use ................................... 15 3.4.8 Proclamation on Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage ......................... 16 3.4.9 Proclamation on Ethiopian Water Resources Management .................................... 16 3.4.10 Proclamation on Public Health ........................................................................... 16 3.4.11 Proclamation on Establishment of Oromia Land and Environmental Protection Bureau ................................................................................................................ 16 3.4.12 Proclamation on Oromia Rural Land Administration and Use .......................... 17 3.4.13 Regulations on Payment of Compensation for Property Situated on Landholdings Expropriated for Public Purposes ................................................ 17 3.5 International Conventions and Protocols ......................................................................... 17 3.6 Environmental Assessment Guidelines............................................................................ 18 3.6.1 EPA’s EIA Guidelines ............................................................................................ 18 3.6.2 ERA's Environmental Procedure Manual ............................................................... 18 3.6.3 ERA’s Standard Technical Specifications .............................................................. 19 3.7 Institutional and Administrative Framework ................................................................... 19 3.7.1 Federal and Regional Administration ..................................................................... 19 3.7.2 Environmental Protection Authority ....................................................................... 20 3.7.3 Sectoral Environmental Unit ................................................................................... 20 3.7.4 Regional Environmental Agencies .......................................................................... 20 3.7.5 Ethiopian Roads Authority ...................................................................................... 21 4 DESCRIPTION OF BASELINE CONDITION .................................................................... 22 4.1 Physical Environment ...................................................................................................... 22 Associated Engineering Consultants Ethiopian Roads Authority March 2012 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT (Final) ii Ambo - Wolisso Road Project 4.1.1 Physiography ........................................................................................................... 22 4.1.2 Geology ................................................................................................................... 23 4.1.3 Soils and Erosion .................................................................................................... 24 4.1.4 Climate .................................................................................................................... 26 4.1.5 Drainage and Water Resources ............................................................................... 27 4.1.6 Land Use and Land Cover ....................................................................................... 29 4.2 Biological Environment ................................................................................................... 34 4.2.1 Vegetation and Flora ............................................................................................... 34 4.2.2 Fauna ....................................................................................................................... 39 4.3 Socio-economic Environment .......................................................................................... 40 4.3.1 Location .................................................................................................................. 40 4.3.2 Demographic Features ............................................................................................ 41 4.3.3 Social Services ........................................................................................................ 43 4.3.4 Water supply ........................................................................................................... 49 4.3.5 Travel Pattern, Transport and Communication Services ........................................ 50 4.3.6 Tourist Attraction Sites ........................................................................................... 50 4.3.7 Economic Activities ................................................................................................ 51 4.3.8 Gender Issues .......................................................................................................... 54 5 PUBLIC AND STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATIONS ..................................................... 57 5.1 Overview of the Consultation process ............................................................................. 57 5.2 Positive Impacts of the Project ........................................................................................ 57 5.3 Expected Negative Impacts ............................................................................................. 59 5.4 Issues to be considered in the Design and Implementation of the Project ....................... 59 5.5 Contributions Expected from Stakeholders ..................................................................... 59 5.6 Social Acceptability of the Project .................................................................................. 59 6 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................. 61 6.1 Positive Environmental and Social Impacts .................................................................... 61 6.1.1 Positive Environmental Impacts ............................................................................. 61 6.1.2 Positive Socio-economic Impacts ........................................................................... 61 6.2 Negative Impacts on Physical Environment .................................................................... 67 6.2.1 Loss of Land under Various Uses ........................................................................... 67 6.2.2 Soil Erosion, Compaction and Contamination........................................................ 68 6.2.3 Impacts on Landscape Quality and Slope Stability ................................................. 69 6.2.4 Impacts on Water Resources ................................................................................... 70 6.2.5 Impacts on Water Supply Systems and Competition for Water .............................. 72 6.2.6 Air and Noise Pollution ........................................................................................... 73 6.3 Negative Impacts on Biological Environment