317 The systematic wood anatomy of the Moraceae (Urticales) II. Tribe Dorstenieaeri by J. Koek-Noorman S.M.C. Topper and B.J.H. ter Welle Institute of Systematic Botany, University ofUtrecht, Heidelberglaan2, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands Summary The wood of the tribe Dorstenieae in anatomy some genera and in some features, connec- sensu Berg is described. Similarities and differ- tions with the ‘dump-like’ tribe Moreae (Berg, discussed relation to his ences are in concepts 1977). The tribe consists of eight genera. In of the of the tribe. Wood anatomi- our the taxonomy study Neotropical genera Brosimum, cally the tribe Dorstenieae is fairly homogene- Helianthostylis and Trymatococcus and the Dorstenia in the African ous, deviatingmost juvenilistic genera Bosqueiopsis and Trilepisium of composition its rays, and the small diameter are represented as well as some African species and high frequency of its vessels. of Dorstenia. Of Bosqueiopsis the, partly Neotropical, genus differs from the other in the of genera presence Scyphosyce and Utsetela, no samples were fibre pits in the radial and tangential walls. available. Helianthostylis and Trymatococcus are highly similar. shows Brosimum a variation range ex- ceeding that of the entire tribe. Nevertheless, Generic descriptions individual species of Brosimum can often not be distinguished. Bosqueiopsis De Wild. & Th. Dur. (Figs. 1, 2). The This African genera Brosimum, Helianthostylis, Try- genus, monographed by Berg matococcus, and Trilepisium are closely related. (1977), is monotypic since the four species de- The tribe Dorstenieae be from can separated scribed before, are united in his revision. The the tribe Castilleae on wood anatomical charac- genus occurs in Zaire and southern Congo, as ters such as: or absence of fi- trees 35 tall in and old second- presence septate up to m primary bres; distribution of the vessels; forest 500 altitude. In Tan- pattern para- are up to m eastern tracheal unilateral and parenchyma or not, ray zania and Mozambique as tall shrubs and tree- composition. lets to 6 in forests up m, thickets, open or words: wood Bos- Key Systematic anatomy. young secondary forest, often on sandy soils, queiopsis, Brosimum, Dorstenia, Heliantho- from sea level to 500 m altitude (Berg, 1977). stylis, Trilepisium, Trymatococcus. Material studied: B. gilletii De Wild. & Th. Dur. East Africa: Schlieben 423 (Uw 15590). Introduction General features: Growth rings faint; This paper is part of a series, in which the colour light brown; texture fine, grain straight. wood of the Moraceae anatomy is described in Specific gravity 800 N per cubic metre. detail and discussed relation in tothe taxonomy Microscopical features: Vessels diffuse, of the family. For an outline of the project as solitary (30%) and in short radial multiples and well as for the chapter Material and clusters of 60 Methods, irregular 2—6, per sq.mm, round refer to first we our contribution,the treatment to oval, diameter 45 pm, vessel member length of the tribe Castilleae (Koek-Noorman et al., 325 fun. Perforations simple, end walls almost 1984). In the tribe Dorstenieae, Berg (1973, transverse. Intervascular pits alternate, round 1977) included the tribe Brosimeae and the and size 6—9 oval, pm. Vessel-ray and vessel- Dorstenia be the sole genus (considered to genus parenchyma pits larger and irregularly shaped, of the tribe Dorstenieae by Comer, 1962), be- half-bordered. Thin-walled tyloses abundant. cause of an intermediate position of one spe- Fibres with small non-septate simple pits in ra- cies of Dorstenia. The Dorstenieae, ‘clearly de- dial walls and less frequent in tangential walls; limited against the at Castilleae ..show, least walls 2—4 pm, gelatinous fibres marking the 1 This project was made possible by a grant of BION-ZWO (14.45-01). 318 lAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 5 (4), 1984 A gravity specificOC'3 8. 830 occasion- 520-700 750—1020750-1020 830 800800 570-800 880—1320880-1320 690-760690-760 700-800 670-790 1040-1200 440-650 occasion- brackets: a 2 a) & (a) (a) a u o Bo (a) rr crystals3 rhombicjB •s - - » - r(a) rr, (r)(r) r,r r rr(a) (r.a) ft rrrr (r, between absent;absent; CO X4> CO + + + + + + + + tubes-D latexJ9 radial3T3 - - + + —:-: present; e»00 * | - wings■S arc-shapedT3 •s6 CO - - - - (+) - + (+) (+) - Brosimum. +: arrangement0)sg> c§§ unilateral*3 43 f3 + + + + + ++ (+)(+) (+) (+) (+) of parenchyma; regular + + + Parenchyma bandsband regular - + - + (+)+(+)+_ - - (+)(+) + (+)(+) (+) species axial > * C<u c o o - ++ - + + - - of confluent-wavym (+) (+) (+)(+) (+) in a: features cells; ray T) T T COtyloses1_o - - t (t) t - (0(t) T (t)(t) (t.T)(t, anatomical marginalmarginal in 3. ) wood /an)/*■*» g •S(in asize.§ pit'5L 7—137-13 5-7 5-6 9 7-9 4—64-6 3-*3^1 9—119-11 9-11 5-9 8-13 abundantabundant Some rr: 1. Vessels -- +—— -+ —— ——+ 700—800—— - - cells; 1 -+ •S <u o 120 110 - —— j-tm) (in *3 120 110 155 Table diameter 70-120—+ 70-80 90—13090-130 ray 130—185130-185 100-135 140—170140-170 125-185 130-185 marginalmarginal in (30) r: s e a* mm)/*"■ e sq. (per<u3 frequencyyaa3 ic 4—94-9 9—16(30) 11 17 8-14 6—106-10 7-16 3—63-6 3 4-5 3-7 9-16 thin-walled;thin-walled; t: costaricanum gaudichaudii thick-walled; present. acutifolium alicastrumalicastmm costaricanum gaudichaudii glaziovii guianense lactescens parinarioides potabile rubescens utile B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. B. T: ally lAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 5 (4), 1984 319 lumina 4—8 830 growth rings, pm; length pm; rubescens Taub. Surinam: BBS 62 (Uw 659), F/V-ratio 2.6. Rays uniseriate and multiseriate, Stahel 170a(Uw 170a);French Guiana; BAFOG 9 per mm. Uniseriate rays 13%, composed of 349M (Uw 5423); Colombia, Choco: Cuatreca- procumbent, square and upright cells, up to sas 14030 (Uw 25316); Panama: USw 4489 4—5 (1-9) cells and 190(320) Multiseriate (Uw 11076). — B. utile B. Pitt. pm. (H. K.) ssp. occi- rays composed of procumbent cells except for dentale C.C. Berg. Colombia, Choco: Cuatreca- the uniseriate marginsof 1 (3) rows of square and sas 14291 (Uw 25174), 15595 (Uw 25345), upright cells, and few sheath cells; 2-4 cells 16084 (Uw 25208). - B. utile (H.B.K.) Pitt. to 560 wide, up pm high. Parenchyma para- ssp. ovatifolium (Ducke) C.C. Berg. Brazil, to tracheal, vasicentric aliform confluent, often Amazonas: Krukoff 6656 (Uw 7852). - B. utile strands of 4 cells. forming wavy bands; (2—6) (H.B.K.) Pitt. ssp. utile. Colombia, Choco: van Rooden, Topper & ter Welle 526 (Uw 25607). Brosimum Schwartz (Figs. 3—12) General features: The woods of the Berg (1972) recognised Brosimum sensu lato species ofBrosimum are variable in very appear- Piratinera Aublet (including Brosimopsis Moore, ance (Table 1). Highly remarkable are the dif- Ferolia and Aublet) and distinguished between ferences in colour and specific gravity. The two the basis of dark subgenera on some morpholo- heaviest, reddish brown woods are found gical features. Brosimum is a genus of trees, of- in B. guianense and B. rubescens commercially ten of considerable with in known height, most species as ‘letterwood’ and ‘satine rubane’. Most evergreen, mainly tropical rainforests. Brosi- other species are of considerably lower weight mum gaudichaudiiis a common species of the (see Table 1) and light brown. Growth rings ab- cerrados region of central South Ameri- sent. Texture fine campos to medium. Grain straight or ca. The genus is distributed from Mexico and the interlocked. Greater Cuba Jamaica Antilles, and to southern Microscopical features. Vessels diffuse, Brazil, with the highest concentration of spe- solitary (20—70%) and in short radial multiples cies in the Amazon Basin. Some and clusters of 3—16 species, mainly irregular 2—4, (30) per sq. B. and B. valuable guianense rubescens, produce mm, round to oval, diameter 70—185 pm. Ves- timbers (letterwood, satine rubane). sel member 400—600 Perforations length pm. Material studied: B. Huber acutifolium simple, end walls almost transverse. Intervascu- ssp. Surinam: & Linde- lar acutifolium. Lanjouw pits alternate, round, oval or polygonal, 3— man 2945 — B. Huber 13 (Uw 1978). acutifolium pm. Vessel-ray and vessel-parenchyma pits obovatum ssp. (Ducke)C.C. Berg. Guyana: A.C. variable, irregular in size and shape, half-bor- Smith 2617 (Uw 21528); Brazil, Amazonas; dered. Thin-walled tyloses often present; some- Krukoff 5378 6355 times thick-walled (Uw 19921), (Uw 7659). tyloses occur. Fibres non- — B. alicastrum Sw. alicastrum. Jamaica: with small ssp. septate simple pits restricted to the U.S. Nat. Herb. 5914 Guatemala: radial (Uw 8318); walls; walls 2-3 (4) pm, lumina 3-16 Peten 23112 (Uw 18018). — B. alicastrum Sw. (19) pm, rarely gelatinous; length 980—1600 bolivarense C.C. Guyana: A.C. Smith 2.0—3.4. ssp. Berg. pm, F/V-ratio Rays uniseriate and 3464 (Uw 21660); Venezuela: Breteler 3972 5—9 multiseriate, per mm. Uniseriate rays 0— (Uw 12193); Peru: Uw 18000 MADw). - of (via 20%, composed upright cells only or inter- B. costaricanum Liebm. Costa Rica; lica CCO- with mingled some rows of procumbent cells, 24 (Uw 20677). — B gaudichaudii Tree. Brazil: 3—6 cells (120—300pm) high. Multiseriate rays al. 56136 — Maguire et (Uw 16368). B. glaziovii composed of procumbent cells with uniseriate Taub. Brazil, Parana: Lindeman& deHaas 2060 of 1—2 of margins (7) rows square and upright 2201 B. (Uw 13491), (Uw 13588). guianense cells; 2—4 (7) cells to 370—610 wide, pp pm Huber. Surinam: BBS 55 (Aubl.) (Uw 652), high. Parenchyma paratracheal, vasicentric ali- Stahel 3a 219 For. (Uw3a), (Uw 219); Guyana: form with narrow long wings, which are some- Dept. 3366 3424 (Uw 986), (Uw 987); Brazil, times arc-shaped, occasionally confluent, some- Amazonas: Krukoff 5477 — B.