Lepidobotrys staudtii Ruptiliocarpon caracolito Lepuropetalon spathulatum 100 Parnassia faberi 100 95 Parnassia glauca 100 100 Parnassia palustris Fay 78 86 100 100 Parnassia palustris 2600 81 98 100 Parnassia tenella 97 100 Parnassia trinervis Parnassia laxmannii 52 Allocassine laurifolia 77 *50* Lauridia reticulata 84 Lauridia tetragona 97 50 Cassine peragua 58 98 Cassine schinoides Maurocenia frangula 97 100 Catha edulis 1896 100 Catha edulis 3016 89 Gymnosporia arbutifolia 51 90 Gymnosporia royleana 58 Gymnosporia engleriana 100 Gymnosporia cassinoides 2201 100 Gymnosporia cassinoides 3525 99 100 Gymnosporia diversifolia 99 Gymnosporia inermis 100 100 Gymnosporia harveyana 99 100 Gymnosporia mossambicensis 98 100 Gymnosporia linearis 100 100 Gymnosporia senegalensis 3030 99 97 Gymnosporia pyria 88 95 Gymnosporia senegalensis 4 93 50 Gymnosporia polyacantha 89 96 98 Putterlickia pyracantha Putterlickia verrucosa 73 99 71 Gymnosporia divaricata 71 Lydenburgia abbottii 52 Lydenburgia cassinoides Empleuridium juniperinum 56 Maytenus cordata Mystroxylon aethiopicum subsp macrocarpum 57 72 80 Maytenus procumbens 100 100 82 Maytenus undata 64700 100 100 Maytenus undata 3028 Pseudosalacia streyi 100 Pterocelastrus echinatus 99 Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus Robsonodendron eucleiforme 91 Brexia madagascariensis 92 89 Polycardia phyllanthoides 100 86 Polycardia libera 100 Polycardia lateralis 93 Elaeodendron australe var angustifolia 100 91 Elaeodendron australe var integrifolium 100 100 Elaeodendron melanocarpum 57 100 Elaeodendron cunninghamii 52 96 70 67 60 Elaeodendron curtipendulum 94 71 81 Elaeodendron pininsulare 100 Elaeodendron matabelicum 100 100 Elaeodendron xylocarpum 100 100 Elaeodendron orientale 100 Elaeodendron vitiense 99 100 100 Pseudocatha mandenensis 2996 100 100 100 Pseudocatha mandenensis 2997 100 Pleurostylia capensis 91 100 Pleurostylia leucocarpa 88 Pleurostylia opposita 100 Kokoona sp 100 Lophopetalum arnhemicum 97 Cheiloclinium belizense 99 Cheiloclinium cognatum Cheiloclinium gleasonianum Peritassa campestris 6210 96 Peritassa campestris 70994 100 100 Peritassa laevigata 6399 100 100 Peritassa laevigata 6532 Peritassa hatschbachii 100 79 69 Salacia alwynii 98 99 55 100 Salacia impressifolia 93 99 100 100 94 Salacia crassifolia Salacia elliptica 99 98 52 Salacia cordata 55 Salacia arborea Tontelea cylindrocarpa 100 Tontelea micrantha 100 Tontelea ovalifolia Salacia nitida 100 Salacia disepala 100 100 Salacia erythrocarpa 99 93 100 Salacia gerrardii 97 75 Salacia madagascariensis 89 100 99 74 Salacia sp nov 100 94 100 Salacia owabiensis 100 Salacighia letestuana 100 Thyrosalacia nematobrachion 1294 100 100 Thyrosalacia nematobrachion 8212A 97 Sarawakodendron filamentosum 100 100 Loeseneriella africana 100 100 100 Loeseneriella barbata 100 Plagiopteron suaveolens 100 Salaciopsis glomerata 100 89 Salaciopsis longistyla 100 Salaciopsis sparsiflora 87 Canotia holacantha 91 82 Euonymus alatus 93 100 Paxistima canbyi 100 Paxistima myrsinites 100 Celastrus angulatus 100 Celastrus hypoleucus 89 99 57 Celastrus flagellaris 94 100 97 Celastrus strigillosus 100 99 Celastrus hindsii 57 69 100 Celastrus orbiculatus 73 76 66 Celastrus rosthornianus 100 75 Celastrus scandens 100 Celastrus vulcanicolus 94 Tripterygium wilfordii 93 89 Gyminda latifolia Gymnosporia haberiana 79 100 100 100 Gymnosporia urbaniana 3269 100 Gymnosporia urbaniana 9169 100 100 Maytenus boaria 100 Maytenus disticha 100 100 100 Maytenus floribunda 100 100 100 Moya spinosa 100 Tricerma texanum 100 Apatophyllum flavovirens Apatophyllum teretifolium 100 100 99 Psammomoya choretroides 100 100 98 97 Psammomoya implexa 100 100 Psammomoya ephedroides 100 Menepetalum salicifolium 85 100 Menepetalum schlechteri 92 67 Macgregoria racemigera 100 95 Stackhousia monogyna 100 Tripterococcus brunonis Brassiantha pentamera 100 100 Dicarpellum baillonianum 66 100 100 100 100 Dicarpellum pancheri 51 100 100 100 Hypsophila dielsiana 100 Hypsophila halleyana Denhamia celastroides 97 77 Denhamia obscura Denhamia viridissima 55 100 89 *62* Denhamia pittosporoides 99 60 100 Denhamia oleaster 100 100 57 56 Maytenus bilocularis 95 100 *59* Maytenus disperma *60* 57 87 Maytenus silvestris 100 71 Maytenus fournieri 98 Maytenus cunninghamii Hexaspora pubescens 96 Peripterygia marginata 95 Siphonodon celastrineus 100 Quetzalia occidentalis 100 Zinowiewia concinna Mortonia greggii Fig. S1. Simultaneous-analysis (excluding ITS rDNA for the former Stackhousiaceae) parsimony JK tree with parsimony JK values above each branch, and likelihood BS values (for the matrix of all nucleotide characters) below each branch. Clades in the parsimony JK tree that were contradicted by clades in the likelihood BS tree are indicated by *XX*, with BS support for the highest contradictory likelihood clade listed. Lepidobotrys staudtii Ruptiliocarpon caracolito Lepuropetalon spathulatum Parnassia faberi 70 Parnassia glauca 80 Parnassia laxmanii 70 68 Parnassia palustris 2600 87 92 Parnassia palustris Fay 90 Parnassia tenella Parnassia trinervis Pottingeria acuminata Brexia madagascariensis 54 Elaeodendron orientale 54 Loeseneriella barbata AF206928 63 Plagiopteron suaveolens AF206993 58 Empleuridium juniperinum 98 Gymnosporia arbutifolia 50 97 Gymnosporia senegalensis 4 Denhamia celastroides 100 Dicarpellum pancheri 100 72 63 100 Stackhousia monogyna 100 Tripterococcus brunonis 60 Canotia holacantha 70 68 Paxistima canbyi 80 97 52 Celastrus orbiculatus 99 95 60 Celastrus scandens 98 Tripterygium wilfordii Euonymus alatus Peripterygia marginata Siphonodon celastrineus 59 Mortonia greggii 90 Quetzalia occidentalis 91 Zinowiewia concinna Fig. S2. 18S rDNA parsimony JK tree with parsimony JK values above each branch, and likelihood BS values below each branch. Lepuropetalon spathulatum Parnassia faberi Parnassia glauca Parnassia laxmannii 97 Parnassia palustris Fay 95 Parnassia palustris 2600 Parnassia tenella Parnassia trinervis Allocassine laurifolia Cassine peragua 88 Cassine schinoides 70 Lydenburgia cassinoides 71 Catha edulis 1896 83 Catha edulis 3016 64 Gymnosporia arbutifolia 62 Gymnosporia royleana 100 Gymnosporia cassinoides 2201 100 Gymnosporia cassinoides 3525 Gymnosporia diversifolia 58 Gymnosporia engleriana 68 Gymnosporia inermis 56 96 Gymnosporia linearis 54 96 Gymnosporia senegalensis 3030 88 Gymnosporia pyria 86 Gymnosporia senegalensis 4 93 99 Gymnosporia mossambicensis 96 Gymnosporia polyacantha Putterlickia verrucosa Gymnosporia divaricata Lauridia reticulata Lauridia tetragona Lydenburgia abbottii Maurocenia frangula 96 Apatophyllum flavovirens 53 91 Apatophyllum teretifolium 100 62 Psammomoya ephedroides 98 78 Psammomoya choretroides 94 76 Psammomoya implexa 81 100 Menepetalum salicifolium 100 Menepetalum schlechteri Brassiantha pentamera 100 Dicarpellum baillonianum 96 100 Dicarpellum pancheri 93 79 Hypsophila dielsiana 64 Hypsophila halleyana Hexaspora pubescens Brexia madagascariensis 66 58 Polycardia lateralis 53 Polycardia phyllanthoides Polycardia libera 64 Cheiloclinium belizense 95 Cheiloclinium cognatum Cheiloclinium gleasonianum Peritassa campestris 6210 91 Peritassa campestris 70994 98 74 96 Peritassa laevigata 6399 81 96 Peritassa laevigata 6532 Peritassa hatschbachii Salacia alwynii 100 Salacia crassifolia 87 100 Salacia elliptica 83 Salacia impressifolia Salacia cordata 76 84 Salacia disepala 86 Salacia erythrocarpa 93 Salacia gerrardii 89 88 Salacia madagascariensis 70 89 Salacia owabiensis 74 Salacia sp nov Salacighia letestuana 64 Salacia nitida Salacia arborea 82 100 Thyrosalacia nematobrachion 1294 73 100 Thyrosalacia nematobrachion 8212A 72 Tontelea cylindrocarpa 66 100 Tontelea micrantha 100 Tontelea ovalifolia Sarawakodendron filamentosum 100 Loeseneriella africana 95 99 Loeseneriella barbata 73 Plagiopteron suaveolens Elaeodendron australe var angustifolia 63 Elaeodendron australe var integrifolium 63 Elaeodendron melanocarpum 84 Elaeodendron cunninghamii 70 Elaeodendron curtipendulum 91 Elaeodendron pininsulare 62 97 Elaeodendron matabelicum Elaeodendron xylocarpum 77 92 Elaeodendron orientale 69 55 Elaeodendron vitiense 54 55 60 99 Pseudocatha mandenensis 2996 100 Pseudocatha mandenensis 2997 100 Pleurostylia capensis 100 85 Pleurostylia leucocarpa 86 Pleurostylia opposita 83 Kokoona sp 77 Lophopetalum arnhemicum Canotia holocantha Celastrus angulatus Celastrus flagellaris 84 Celastrus hindsii 66 87 Celastrus orbiculatus 64 75 Celastrus scandens 52 53 Celastrus strigillosus Celastrus hypoleucus Celastrus rosthornianus Celastrus vulcanicolus Tripterygium wilfordii Euonymus alatus 99 Paxistima canbyi 96 Paxistima myrsinites 62 Denhamia celastroides 55 72 Denhamia oleaster Denhamia pittosporoides 100 *50* Denhamia viridissima 100 73 Denhamia obscura 96 94 Maytenus bilocularis 85 97 94 Maytenus disperma 81 97 Maytenus silvestris 97 79 Maytenus cunninghamii 85 Maytenus fournieri Empleuridium juniperinum 83 Maytenus procumbens 64 76 96 Maytenus undata 64700 88 50 72 Maytenus undata 3028 58 76 Mystroxylon aethiopicum subsp macrocarpum 100 58 Robsonodendron eucleiforme 99 Pseudosalacia streyi 79 Pterocelastrus echinatus 91 Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus Gyminda latifolia Gymnosporia urbaniana 3269 100 100 100 Gymnosporia urbaniana 9169 100 63 Macgregoria racemigera 100 74 Stackhousia monogyna 100 Tripterococcus brunonis 98 Maytenus boaria 91 Maytenus disticha 79 Maytenus floribunda 57 63 Moya spinosa Tricerma texanum Peripterygia marginata 98 Salaciopsis glomerata 100 100 Salaciopsis longistyla 100 Salaciopsis sparsiflora Siphonodon celastrineus 96 Quetzalia