68 Chapter V Salient Features of Study Area I Salient Features of Pune District. And II Salient Features of selected APMCs for study. 5.1 Salient Features of Pune District. 5.1.1 Introduction 5.1.2 Location 5.1.3 Agro. Climatic Zones 5.1.4 Soils 5.1.5 Rivers 5.1.6 Climate 5.1.7 Rainfall 5.1.8 Population 5.1.9 Literacy Level 5.1.10 Other Related Information 5.1.11 Land use-pattem 69 5.1.12 Operational Holdings 5.1.13 Irrigation Sources 5.1.14 Cropping Pattern 5.1.15 Land utilization Pattern in all Talukas of Pune District 5.1.16 Cropping Pattern of all Talukas in Pune District 5.2 Salient Features of selected APMCs for study 5.2.1 Introduction 5.2.2 Baramati APMC 5.2.3 Daund APMC 5.2.4 Indapur APMC 5.2.5 Junnar APMC 5.2.6 Khed APMC 5.2.7 Manchar APMC 5.2.8 Nira APMC 5.2.9 Pune APMC 5.2.10 Shirur APMC 5.2.11 Talegaon APMC ^ 7 Location of Study Area India Maharashtra State 1000 Km. 3 0 0 K m I I M a h a r a s h tra S ta te Piine D istrict ---- 1---- 7.1“ 3 0 'E 7 4 .io 'E o Pune District - Administrative Divisions O' L e g e n d ® District Headquarter • Tahsil Headquarter District Boundary Tahsil Boundary 7 3 ° 3 0 'E 7 4 " 3 0 'E ______ I_______ 70 5.1 Salient Features of Pune District 5.1.1 Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to explain the oackground of Pune- district, selected for the study. It includes the items viz. Geographical situation, agro-climatic situation, socio-economic situation etc. of the study area. All such information has bearing on the various issues related to the problem selected for the study. As stated previously, the Pune district has been selected for the present study. And hence, the back­ ground information given below relates to Pune district. 5.1.2 Location : Pune district of Maharashtra State lies between 17.54 and 19.25 North latitude and 73.2 and 75.10 East latitude. The district has roughly triangular shape. The district is bounded in the east by Pamer and Shrigonda talukas of Ahmednagar district and Karmala talukas of Sholapur district. On the west side, there lies three talukas viz. Roha, Pen and Kaijat talukas of Raygad district, along with Murbad taluka of Thane district. On the South side of the district, Malshiras taluka of Solapur district and Phaltan and Wai talukas are situated. The North side of the district is bounded by three tahsils of Ahmednagar district viz. Akole, Sangamner and Pamer talukas. The total number of talukas in the district is 14 while the number of towns and village are 25 and 1166 respectively. The district has two municipal corporations, 11 Nagar-Parishads and 1317 Grampanchayats according to 2001 census. 71 5.1.3 Agro-CIimatic Zones In Maharashtra, there are Nine agro-climatic zones. Out of these 9 zones, the Pune district is spread over i.e touching partly to four zones. The position of talukas of Pune district falling in 4 agro-climatic zones is given in the following table. Table 5.1 : Agro-climatic Zones of Pune District Sr. Name of the Names of talukas No. Agro-Climatic zone falling under the zone 1 Ghat Zone Part of Maval Taluka 2 Sub-mountain zone Bhor, Velhe, Mulashi, Khed and Part of Maval and part of Ambegaon 3 Plain zone Haveli, Junnar and Ambegaon partly 4 Scarcity Daund, Baramati, Indapur and Purandar Partly 5.1.4 Soils : The district has lighter type of soil in its western part while in the eastern part, the soils are better. The soils belong to three classes viz. black, red and brown. 5.1.5 Rivers : In the district, there are mainly two rivers viz. Bhima and Nira. The origin of Bhima is near Bhimashankar in Ambegaon taluka while the origin of Nira river is in western part of Bhor taluka. Two small rivers viz. Velu and Ghod are on left side of Bhima river. And other small rivers Indrayani, Mula and Mutha are on right side of Bhima. Nira river flows 72 along south part of the district and joins Bhima at Narsingpur village of Indapur taluka. Other minar rivers flowing in the district are Kanhan, Kukadi, Pavna, Mina, Gunjavani, Pushpawati, Karha, Shivaganga and others. 5.1.6 Climate : The maximum temperature coverage in the district is 34.7ounsh Celsius. May is the hottest month of the year. The mean daily maximum temperature is about 40 degree. As against this, the average minimum temperature of the district is 10.5 degree usually; December is the coolest month of the year. In the district, Baramati, Indapur and Daund talukas are having more hot climate in summer than those in remaining talukas of the district. Table No. 5.2 gives the monthwise temperature, recorded during different months of the year 2001 by the Pune centre. Table 5.2 : Monthwise Temperature during the year 2001 at Pune (Average temp, in Celsius) Sr. No Month Maximum Degree Minimum Degree 1 January 30.1 12.0 2 February 34.6 10.5 3 March 36.0 14.6 4 April 37.7 20.4 5 May 36.1 22.9 6 June 30.6 23.1 7 July 27.1 22.0 8 August 27.1 21.7 9 September 30.3 20.8 10 October 30.9 18.7 11 November 30.6 13.9 12 December 29.9 11.2 Source : Statistical Abstract of Pune District 73 5.1.7 RainfaU: Pune district is not homogeneous as far as rainfall pattern is concerned. It is felt necessary to present the rainfall and number of rainy days for each of the talukas separately. The same is presented in the Table No. 5.3 given below. Table No. 5.3 : Talukawise Rainfall of Pune District during the year 2001. Sr. No. Names of Taluka Total Rainy days Total Rainfall in the year in the year (mm) 1 Pune City (Haveli) 42 481.8 2 Khed 36 415.7 3 Ambegaon 42 721.9 4 Junnar 43 628.4 5 Shirur 21 423.7 6 Daund 28 576.1 7 Indapur 27 544.7 8 Baramati 30 623.0 9 Purandar (Saswad) 42 513.0 10 Bhor 69 906.9 11 Velhe 87 1205.7 12 Mulashi (Paud) 77 1311.3 13 Maval (Vadgaon) 77 1159.0 Source : District Statistical Abstract 2001-02 74 The Table No. 5.3 shows that there is variation both in No. of rainy days and the rainfall during the year from taluka to taluka. This has effect on different types of cropping pattern in various talukas of the district. 5.1.8 Population : As per 2001 census, the total population of the district is 72.24 lakhs. The average density of population per sq. km. is 462. Such density is 6756 in case of urban areas while it is 202 in case of rural area. The taluka wise population in Pune district is presented in Table No. 5.4 given below. Table No. 5.4 ; Taluka wise Population of Pune district as per 2001 Census Figures in Lakhs] Sr. No. Taluka Population Male Female 1 Junnar 369637 50.61 49.39 2 Ambegaon 213789 50.30 49.70 3 Shirur 310571 51.72 48.28 4 Khed 342724 51.89 48.11 5 Maval 304980 52.58 47.42 6 Mulashi 127305 52.04 47.96 7 Haveli 1346346 53.58 46.42 8 Pune City 2796868 52.28 47.72 9 Daund 341074 51.90 49.10 10 Purandar 223384 51.05 49.95 11 Velhe 55015 49.65 51.35 12 Bhor 171174 48.72 51.28 13 Baramati 372919 51.67 49.33 14 Indapur 342368 51.85 49.15 District 7224224 3768001 3456223 Source : Statistical Abstract of Pune Dist. 75 5.1.9 Literacy Level: The literacy percentage in the district is 80.45. The classification of literacy according to sex and area is presented below in respect of the yeaf 2001. Table 5.5 : Literacy Level in Pune District Category Literacy % Male 88.34 % Female 71.89% Total For district 80.45 % Rural 72.44 % Urban 86.11 % Total For district 80.45 % Source: Socioeconomic Survey 2011 District = Pune Table 5.5 Shows that the literacy level in case of males is high (88.34 %) as against that 71.89 % in case of females in the district. As regards the literacy level based on area, it was observed that the literacy 76 level in case of Urban area is high (86.11 %) as compared to that in rural area (72.44%). 5.1.10 Other Related information of the district: (As on 2011) 1 No. of Tahsils 14 2 No. of Municipal Corporations 2 3 No. of Municipalities 11 4 No. of Taluka Panchayat Samittees 13 5 No. of Gram Panchayats 1407 6 No. of Sugar Factories 12 7 No. of Co-operative Institutions 14253 8 Length of road a) National Highway 387 km. b) State Highway 1350 km. c) District Roads 2251 km. d) Village Roads 4745 km. e) Rail Roads 311km. R ef: Socio-Economic Survey Lokrajya Oct, 2002 5.1.11 Land Use Pattern ; The land utilization pattern of Pune district is presented in Table No. 5.6 as given below: 77 Table no. 5.6 : Land Use Pattern of Pune District (2000-01) Area % to total Sr.